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Fascist Italy: Second Edition. Essay, Research Paper

Cassels viewed Fascist Italy as an enormous trick carried out on the Italian nation by Benito Mussolini. In the United States during World War II, it was smart to promise the Italo-American portion of the electors that war was being waged. Winston Churchill appealed to the Italian people because he was responsible for guiding his country to disaster. He disagreed with the people which put him in a bad position. After 1945, Italian patriots tried to fix Italy?s bad reputation by refining the idea that Fascism had been a temporary oddness in Italian history.

Another approach to Italian Fascism viewed Fascism more of a direct outgrowth of Italian history than an artificial creation of Mussolini. The environment shaped the rise of Fascism. Mussolini was lowered to an agent of a historical force. This was the reason from the many investigations into pre-Fascist Italy. Those were the roots of Fascism in traditional Italian society. Fascism was successful because it understood the needs of the society.

Cassels used both primary and secondary sources to back up his statements. Newspapers which were printed during fascism helped the author back up his facts. Primary resources were not used as much as the secondary sources. Secondary sources such as books, surveys, literature, and historical dictionaries were used to prove his many points. The United States and Italy was a book which he thought was very well written. This book concentrated having fascism in the total context of united Italy. He also used The Economic History of Modern Italy which gave the author facts and figures of Italy?s economic position after the First World War. A Historical Dictionary of Fascist Italy was very helpful; it contained 570 summary essays on specific traits of Fascism. Cassels used these sources wisely and efficiently. His statements were thorough which made the reader understand the history of Fascist Italy. The numerous books he used explained each specific detail which were discussed throughout the book.

The author?s diction was clear and easy to understand. Although a few sentences throughout the book were unclear, the majority of the book was in a well organized manner. Cassels organized the history in a manner which he discussed the background first, then explained the time during the rise of Italy, and lastly described what happened afterwards. Prior knowledge was not a necessity in order to read this book. Although some parts in the book required previous knowledge in order to understand; most of it was basic and elementary. The information given could have helped both a well-educated person and an experienced historian. The book contains only two maps which illustrate how Italy was geographically between 1918-1945. The other map represented which countries were affiliated with Italy in international and colonial affairs. The book contained a bibliography chapter to show the various sources the author used to explain his book.

I thought the book was well written. It was clear and thorough which made it easy to read. At times I did not understand what the author was trying to say, but after I read the sentence or sentences again the point was clear to me. The author did not have many arguments, he plainly explained what happened during the rise of Italy. However, the arguments he did have were backed up by books and newspapers. Although I learned much of what was talked about, now I have a better understanding of what occurred during the early twentieth century in Italy. More details were discussed which made me learn more about the topic. Overall I thought the book was complete and would greatly help anyone who is curious about fascist Italy.

United Italy began its life with a nineteenth-century liberal constitution. It included a monarchy of limited powers, and a bicameral legislature made up of a senate and a chamber of deputies. The Italian peninsula was united into a single nation-state from 1859 to 1870. Italy lacked in party discipline. Italy?s political leaders turned to the distribution of favors in order to fasten a parliamentary majority. The parliamentary regime?s effort to handle economic and social problems did not repair its public reputation.

Industrialization added another problem to Italy?s economic dilemma. The proletariat were taken advantage of as badly as anywhere else in Europe. International affairs failed to deliver what was expected. Towards the end of the nineteenth-century, the weakness of the parliamentary regime had grown so flagrant; it was threatening the whole political structure itself. Later, there was a constitutional crises which gave the parliamentary system a leap of hope. There was an incompatibility between parliamentarianism and the national spirit which was greatly enhanced during World War I. After a half-century of liberal, parliamentary government had not resolved Italy?s two difficulties. The separation between nation and state remained; the making of Italy had not been supported by the making of Italians.

Benito Mussolini was first certified as an elementary teacher in his early years. Later Mussolini first discovered how shamefully Italian immigrants were exploited while he was doing manual labor. This played a great deal on his decisions. Mussolini was and extremist and consistently urged violence as a means of change. Mussolini denounced nationalism as a capitalist trait and a bourgeois snare to entrap the workers.

Mussolini?s enemies in 1914 and later, charged that he was bought. In terms of power and influence which Mussolini craved far above money, his convictions cost him much. Mussolini gained new opportunities to arise. The liberal regime creaked to a standstill; the traditional tactics of electoral control no longer worked. The socialist party was far too fragmented to form a solid power base. The economic

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