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Geometry Glossary Essay, Research Paper

Geometry Glossary

Acute angle

- an angle whose measure is greater than 0 but less than 90 degrees; see obtuse angle

Adjacent angles

- 2 nonstraight and nonzero angles that have a common side in the interior of the angle formed by the noncommon sides

Algorithm

- a sequence of steps leading to a desired end

Alternate exterior angles

- exterior angles on alternate sides of the transversal (not on the same parallel line)

Alternate interior angles

- ditto as above, only with interior angles

Altitude

- height

Altitude of a conic solid

- the length of a segment whose endpoints are the vertex and a point on the plane of the base that is perpendicular to the plane of the base

Altitude of a cylindric solid

- the distance between the planes of the bases

Altitude of a trapezoid

- the distance between the bases of a trapeziod

Altitude of a triangle

- the perpendicular segment from a vertex to the line containing the opposite side of a triangle

Ambiguous

- not stable; changing

Analytic geometry

- see coordinate geometry

Angle

- the union of 2 rays that have the same endpoint; measured in degrees or radians (trig.); the five types of angles are zero, acute, right, obtuse, and straight

Angle bisector

- a ray that is in the interior of an angle and forms two equal angles with the sides of that angle

Angle measure between a line and a plane

- the smallest of the angles formed when a line intersects a plane

Angle side

- one of the two rays forming an angle

Antecedent

- the ‘if’ part of a conditional; represented by p; aka hypothesis, given, problem; see consequent

Area

- the amount of space taken up in a plane by a figure

Arc

- a path from one node in a network to another; doesn’t have to be straight & can be more than 1 line between 2 nodes; part of a circle; see minor arc, major arc

Arc length

- the distance between an arc’s endpoints along the path of the circle

Area(F)

- the area of figure F

Automatic drawer

- a computer program that lets you build constructions

Axis

- the line containing the vertex of a conic solid and the center of the base

Base

- the side of an isoscoles triangle whose endpoints are the vertices of the base angles

Base angle

- the angle opposite one of the equilateral sides in an isoscoles triangle

Base angle of a trapezoid

- consecutive angles that share a base of a trapezoid

Base of a conic solid

- the planar region that forms the widest point of a conic solid; often labeled as the ‘bottom’ of the conic solid, it determines the exact shape of the conic solid

Base of a cylindric solid

- the original region and its translation image

Base of a trapezoid

- the parallel sides of a trapezoid

Biconditional

- a conditional and its converse where the converse is also true; uses the words if and only if; written pq

Bilateral symmetry

- see reflection symmetry

Bisector of an angle

- see angle bisector

Bisector pf a segment

- any plane, point or two-dimensional figure containing the the midpoint of the segment and no other points on that segment

Box

- a surface made up of rectangles; a rectangular parallelpided

Capacity

- see volume

Cartesian plane

- a coordinate plane

Center of a circle

- the point that all points in the circle are equidistant from

Center of a rotation

- the point where the two intersecting lines of a rotation meet

Center of gravity

- the mean of the coordinates of points in a figure, whether one, two, or three-dimensional

Central angle of a circle

- an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle

Chord of a circle

- a segment whose endpoints are on a circle

Circle

- the set of points on a plane at a certain distance (radius) from a certain point (center); a polygon with infinite sides

Circularity

- when on a search, circling back to a previous place visited (definition, web site, etc.), usually unhelpful or redundant

Circumference

- the perimeter of a circle

Clockwise

- in orientation, the direction in which the points are named when, if traveling along the line, the interior of the polygon is on the right (got all that?); see counterclockwise

Coincidental lines

- lines that are identical (one and the same)

Colinear

- in the same line

Compass

- a drawing tool used to draw circles at different radii

Complementary angles

- 2 angles whose measures, when added together, equal 90 degrees; see supplementary angles

Composite transformation

- The composite of a first transformation S and a second transformation T is the transformation mapping a point P onto T(S(P)). When written T2 T1, do T1 first; see translation, rotation, glide reflection, similarity transformation

Concave

- see nonconvex

Concentric circles

- circles that share the same center, but have different radii

Conditional

- a statement that tells if one thing happens, another will follow; written as pq; see antecedent, consequent, converse, inverse, contrapositive

Cone

- the surface of a conic solid whose base is a circle; see right cone

Congruence tranformation

- see isometry

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