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Figure

- a set of points

45-45-90 triangle

- an isoscoles right triangle

Fundamental region

- a region used in a tesselation

Geometric mean

- the number g such that for two numbers a and b,

Given

- information assumed to be true in a proof

Glide reflection

- a type of composite transformation where a figure is reflected and then translated in a parallel direction

Goldback’s Conjecture

- if n is an even number greater than 2, then there are always 2 prime numbers whose sum is n

Grade

- the tilt of a real-life object in relation to the horizontal, often used to determine how steep a hill is

Graph theory

- the mathematics of complicated networks

Great circle

- the circle formed by the intersection of a sphere and the plane that contains its center and that divides the sphere into two hemispheres; see small circle

Grid

- a tesselation of congruent squares sometimes used to measure distance

Harmonic mean

- two times the product divided by the sum of the two numbers

Hemisphere

- half of a sphere

Heptagon

- a seven-sided polygon

Hexagon

- a six-sided polygon

Hidden lines

- broken lines used to signify lines that normally wouldn’t be seen in a drawing

Hierarchy

- a chart that shows varying levels of importance

Horizontal line

- a line whose slope is zero

Hypotenuse

- the side opposite the right angle in a right triangle

Icosahedron

- a 20-sided solid; each side is in the shape of a triangle

Identity reflection

- a reflection where the preimage and the image are the same; see reflection symmetry

Identitiy transformation

- a size change where k equals 1

IFF

- if and only if; see biconditional

If-then statement

- see conditional

Image

- the reflection of the preimage

Improper subset

- a subset that includes the entire parent set; see proper subset

Included angle

- the angle made by two sides of a polygon

Included side

- the side between two angles in a polygon

Inclusive or

- one or the other, or both; and/or

Infinite

- uncountable

Initial side

- the side that the measurement of an angle starts from; see terminal side

Instance of a sentence

- a situation where the statement is true

Interior angles

- angles between two lines cut by a transversal; see exterior angles

Interior of an angle

- the convex set formed by an angle that measures less than 180 degrees; see exterior of an angle

Interior of a circle

- the set of points whose distance from the center of the circle is less than that of the radius

Intersecting planes

- planes that share a line

Intersection of two sets A and B

- the set of elements which are in both A and B; written AB

Inverse

- a form of conditional; if not p, then not q; written p q

Irrational number

- decimal number that never ends, never repeats (Ex: pi)

Irregular region

- region whose boundary is not the union of circular arcs or segments

Isometry

- a transformation that keeps the same size and shape of a figure but moves it to a new location; see reflection, rotation, translation, glide reflection

Isoscoles trapezoid

- a trapezoid that has a pair of equiangular base angles

Isoscoles triangle

- a triangle with two sides of equal length

Kite

- a quadrilateral that has two distinct pairs of consecutive equilateral sides

L.A.

- lateral area

Lateral area

- the area of the lateral surface of a solid

Lateral edge

- a segment whose endpoints are corresponding points of a cylindric solid’s bases, or whose endpoints are the vertex of a conic solid and a vertex of its base

Lateral faces

- the faces of the lateral surface of a prism, or a face of a pyramid that is not a base

Lateral surface

- the surface not included in the base(s)

Lattice points

- points in the coordinate plane with integer coordinates

Leg of a right triangle

- a side of a right triangle that include the 90 degree angle

Limit

- the actual area of a region

Line

- a two-dimensional object that has no endpoints and continues on forever in a plane; formed of infinite points; the 3 orientations that lines may have are horizontal, vertical, oblique, and skew lines; written

Linear equation

- Ax + By + C = 0

Linear pair

- 2 supplementary adjacent angles whose noncommon sides form a line

Linear term of an equation

- the term with a variable, but no exponent in an equation; example: By in a linear equation

Line number

- numbers on the left side of a computer screen that tell the computer in what order to do instructions in a computer programming language such as BASIC

Line of reflection

- the line that is reflected over in a reflection

Line perpendicular to a plane

- a line perpendicular to every line in the plane that it intersects (or any one of them)

Lines of sight

- lines from an eye to what it sees that show perspective and what size to draw it

Location

- one of the four main description of a point

Locus

- the set that satisfies a given condition

Magnitude

- the value of a

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