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India Essay, Research Paper

India is a large country and is located in south east Asia. It was

first colonized by the British. Its population has a large variety of

cultures. People of many different races, ethnic groups and religions have

settled there. Many of them came because of the democratic republic

form of government. The country’s economy is a mixed one and has been

improving.

Geography

India is the second most populous country in the world with a

population of 952,107,697 and a population density of 779 people per

square mile. India is the seventh largest country in the world, and is

slightly more than one third of the size of the U.S. It has a total area of

3,287,590 km2 and a land area of 2,973,190 km2. India is located in South

Asia. Its neighboring countries are Pakistan on the North West, China in

the North East, Nepal in the East and Sri Lanka, an island in the south

(Almanac 773-774). The neighboring bodies of water are Bay of Bengal on

the South East, Arabian Sea on the South West and Indian Ocean on the

South. Two major rivers are the Ganges and Indus rivers. The Ganges

river is a sacred river to the Hindus. They drink and bathe in it even

though it is very polluted. The Indus river originates in Southern China and

flows through mostly Pakistan except for a small section that flows within

the states Jammu and Kashir. The major physical features are the

Himalaya Mountains the Deccan Plateau and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The

Himalayas Mountains cover 15% of the country in a 1,500 mile arc from

north to north east. The Deccan Plateau in southern India begins south of

Narmada River and comes to a point at Cape Comorin. Its height is

between 1,000 through 2,300 feet above sea level. The Indo-Gangetic

Plain, named this because it is bordered on the East and West by the Indus

and Ganges River, it is a 200 mile long plain land that is flat and well

watered.

A big geographical benefit os that India has many rivers, which are

good for irrigation. India also has many the natural resources which are

good to make money and to provide for the needs of the people in the

country. A major geographical problem in India is the climate. In summers

it is so hot in some areas that people have go to the mountains where it is

much cooler (Chambers 79; Brotvold 9,8,11,12).

India?s climate varies greatly throughout the country and has five

major seasons winter, spring, summer, fall and monsoon. The northern one

third of India, including the Himalayas, have seasonal summer temperatures

and cool winters. The rest of the country has temperatures that change

from hot to cold during the year. April through June are the warmest

months of the year. The months of April and May are the two hottest

months. Temperature can get up to 120 degrees in the inland, 105 degrees

on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and 100 degrees in the southern parts of India.

In the months July through October, India receives most of its rainfall,

more than 90%. Malabar Coast and West Bengal are the most humid and

get the most rain, up to 100 inches a year. The eastern half of the

Indo-Gangetic Plain is also rainy. It gets 40-80 inches of rain a year. The

Deccan Plateau has moderate precipitation and gets 20-40 inches a year.

November through March are the cooler months. It is sunny and pleasant

throughout India (Brotvold 8-12).

India has many important resources. The most important natural

resources are iron ore, coal, and manganese. India holds the fourth largest

reserves of coal in the world. India has most of the mineral deposits it

needs, including iron ore, coal, lignite, silver, copper, gold, zinc and

manganese. Coal and lignite account for more than 60% of India?s energy

consumption, with wood, oil and natural gas, India is almost a self-sufficient

country. India also has a numerous amount of land resources. Of the total

land area, 20.5% is forest, 41.6% is sown with crops, 7.6% is left fallow,

3.9% is pasture and 1.5% contains crops such as tea and fruit trees and

24.9% is used for other purposes (Netscape n.p.).

India has more than 100 cities which make up over 27% of the

nation?s population. The five major cities in India are Bombay, Calcutta,

Delhi, New Delhi and Madras. Bombay is India?s largest City and is the

location of India?s main port. Bombay has a population of over 16 million.

Calcutta is the second largest city with over 9 million people and is where

the chief port for trade with South East Asia is located. Delhi was the

capital of India between 1912 and 1931. It has over 5 million people living

in it. New Delhi, with about half a million people, became India?s capital in

1931. Madras started out as a small village and now has a population of over

4 million people and is the home of another of India?s major ports on the

south east coast. Here there are many industrial plants such as cotton

mills, auto assembly facilities and leather tanneries (Brotvold 16;

Kaleidoscope 2).

Government

India, a union of 25 states and 7 territories, is a secular Democratic

Republic with a Parliamentary system of Government. India is governed by

terms of the Constitution which were adopted on November 26, 1949 and

went into effect on November 26, 1950 (Netscape n.p.).

The president is the constitutional head of Executive of the Union.

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