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2. Functionalist (Durkheim)-deviance serves three functions for society

a. deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms

b. it promotes social unity

c. it promotes social change

B. Structural Functionalist

Robert Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance

Individual Response Cultural Goals Legitimacy of Means Conformity accept accept

Innovation accept reject

Ritualism reject accept

Retreatism reject reject

Rebellion reject/substitute reject/substitute

C. Structural Functionalist

Illegitimate Opportunity Theory: Underlying Assumption: not everyone has equal access to deviance.

Symbolic Interactionist theories of deviance

Differential Association Theory

Control Theory

Labeling Theory

Structural Functionalist theories of deviance

Emile Durkheim’s theory

Strain Theory

Illegitimate Opportunity Theory

Conflict theories of deviance

Class dominated theories of deviance

Medicalilzation of deviance

Ideas that you should know and understand from the lecture

You should know why sociologists believe that deviance is a socially constructed phenomena (Piercing exercise and Perspectives Box on page 199 of text)

You should be able to distinguish between biological, psychological and sociological explanations of deviance.

You should know the components of the seven sociological theories of deviance discussed in lecture as well as the theoretical perspective that they are associated with.

You should know the components of Durkheim’s theory of deviance as functional for society.

You should thoroughly know Robert Merton’s strain theory of deviance.

You should understand the relationship between labeling theory and the class discussion of the “Saints and Roughnecks” study and the “Being Sane in Insane Places” study.

You should know and understand what is meant by the medicalizaiton of deviance.

Deviance: the violation of rules or norms

Stigma: “blemishes” that discredit a person’s claim to a “normal” identity

Social Control: a group’s formal and informal means of enforcing its norms

Official Deviance: a society’s statistics on lawbreaking; its measures of crimes; victims, lawbreakers, and the outcomes of criminal investigations and sentencing.

Social Order: a group’s usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives.

Crime: the violation of norms that are written into law.

Recidivism Rate: the proportion of people who are rearrested

Retribution: the punishment of offenders in order to restore the moral balance upset by the offense.

Deterrence: creating fear so people will refrain from breaking the law.

Rehabilitation: the resocialization of offenders so they can become conforming citizens.

Incapacitation: to take away someone’s capacity to commit crimes, in this instance, by putting the offender in prison.

Hate Crimes: crimes to which more severe penalties are attached because they are motivated by hatred (dislike, animosity) of someone’s race0ethinicity, religion, sexual orientation, or disability.

Negative Sanction: a punishment or negative reaction for disapproved behavior, for deviance

Positive Sanction: a reward or positive reaction for approved behavior, for conformity

Degradation ceremony: rituals designed to strip an individual of his or her identity as a group member; for example, a court martial or the defrocking of a priest

The four primary reasons for imprisoning individuals:

1. Retribution: pay back for your wrong

2. Deterrence: create fear

3. Rehabilitation: resocialize

4. Incapacitation: keeping them off the streets.

Deviance —*Degradation. A minister would have to relinquish his position if he was caught cheating on his wife.

Ideas that you should know and understand

You should know the four primary reasons for imprisoning individuals

You should know the trends regarding hate crimes in the US pg 221

You should know and understand problems with official crime statistics. p 222

People that you should know

Robert Merton

Emile Durkheim

Edwin Sutherland differential association and white-collar crimes

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