Читать реферат по литературе: "Тарас Григорович Шевченко – видатний український поет" Страница 1

T.ShevchenkoSelf-portraitwith candle, 1861

Hisgrandfather I. Shevchenko, who was a witness of the Haidamakmovement, had a significant influence on Taras. Taras's fatherwas literate, and he sent his son to be educated as an apprenticeto a deacon. In 1823, Taras's mother died, and his father marriedfor a second time. In 1825, his father also died. For some timelittle Taras, now an orphan, served as a houseboy and was intraining as a servant. A talent for drawing showed itself in theboy quite early. When he was 14 years old, he became a domesticservant to P. Engelhardt.Inthe spring of 1829, Taras travelled with P. Engelhardt toVilnius, Lithuania. There he studied painting under anexperienced craftsman. The Polish rebellion for nationalliberation from Russia began in November, 1830, and Engelhardtleft for the Russian capital, St. Petersburg. Shevchenko stayedwith the lord's servants in Vilnius and was witness to therevolutionary events. Shevchenko went to St. Petersburg at thebeginning of 1831. In 1832, the lord "contracted" himto the master painter V. Shyryayev, with whom the lad experienceda hard school of professional training.

Inthe library of Yevhen Hrebinka, he became familiar withanthologies of Ukrainian folklore and the works of I.Kotlyarevsky, H. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, and the romantic poets, aswell as many Russian, East European and world writers.Shevchenkobegan to write poetry even before he was freed from serfdom. In1840, the world first saw the Kobzar, Shevchenko's firstcollection of poetry. Later Ivan Franko wrote that this book,"immediately revealed, as it were, a new world of poetry. Itburst forth like a spring of clear, cold water, and sparkled witha clarity, breadth and elegance of artistic expression notpreviously known in Ukrainian writing." In 1841, the epicpoem Haidamaky appeared as a separate volume. In Septemberof that same year, Shevchenko got his third Silver Medal -- forhis picture The Gypsy Fortune Teller. A significant workis the painting Kateryna, based on his poem.Shevchenkoalso tried his hand at writing plays. In 1842, a fragment of thetragedy Nykyta Hayday appeared, and in 1843 he completed thedrama Nazar Stodolya.Inthis period, the full genius of Shevchenko was apparent, and themain characteristic of his poetry - a deep national sense - wasevident. All his life, the poet was devoted to his nation. "Bodyand soul I am the son and brother of our unfortunate nation,"he wrote.Oppositionto the social and national oppression of the Ukrainian peoplegrew in Shevchenko. Tsarist Russian censorship deleted many linesfrom his works, and created problems for the printing of thewriter's poetry. None of the critics of the Kobzar,however, was able to deny the great talent of Shevchenko.In1843, the poet left St. Petersburg, and at the end of May he wasin Ukraine. In Kiev, he met M. Maksymovich, P. Kulish and others,and did many paintings.Thatsummer, the poet visited the sites of the former ZaporozhianCossack Sich, and in September he went to Kyrylivka where, aftera fourteen-year separation, he saw his brothers and sisters. InUkraine Shevchenko did many pencil studies for a projected bookof engravings to be called Picturesque Ukraine. At the end ofFebruary Shevchenko returned to St. Petersburg.InUkraine, the poet had seen the heavy social and national yokeborne by the working people and the inhuman conditions of life ofthe peasants. This evoked new themes in Shevchenko's poetry.Itwas useless to think of publishing political poetry in conditionsof Russian tsarist censorship. The works of the Polish poet AdamMickiewicz had a great influence on Shevchenko, especially in thewriting of political satire. One of the highlights of thepolitical poetry of Shevchenko is the satirical poem Son (TheDream).

Inthe