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Deer Essay, Research Paper

The Deer

The deer has been around as long as man can remember. It has always been in

North and South America, and not that long ago was brought to Europe. The deer has

been hunted for centuries by Stone Age man, American Indians, and now modern day

hunters. The weapons used to hunt deer have changed as time goes on. They were

hunted with rocks by Stone Age man, with spears and hand crafted bow and arrows by

the Indians, with guns and still today the bow and arrow by modern day hunters. The

purpose of my paper is to discuss the types of deer in the world today, what habitat they

live in, their instincts or habits, the over population of the whitetail deer in the United

States, and the large sport of hunting deer.

Their are three major types of deer in the world today. There is the whitetail deer,

mule deer, and blacktail deer. The whitetail is the most popular of the three. The

whitetail deer is broken up into many different species. The northwestern whitetail,

Texas whitetail, northeastern whitetail, southeastern whitetail, Coues whitetail, Mexican

whitetail, and the Key whitetail are all the species in the America?s today. the mule deer

is only broken into two different species. The Rocky Mountain mule deer and the desert

mule deer are the two species. The blacktail deer is broken into two species also. There

is the Sitka blacktail and the Columbia blacktail (Lawrence 60-62).

Deer can live and flourish in just about any habitat. They are the only large animal

that lives every where in North America. Deer live in most of Central America and in

many parts of South America. The whitetail deer inhabits Central America, Mexico, all

the U.S. except Alaska and Hawaii, southern Canada, and South America. Recently

have been brought to Europe, the West Indies, and New Zealand. The mule deer lives

in southwestern Canada, twenty two U.S. states, northwestern Coahuila,

northern Chihuahua, northern Sonora, Texas, Arizona, northern Mexico, and southern

California. The blacktail deer mainly inhabits the Pacific Coast. It lives between

southwestern Alaska and southern California. In the north the blacktail lives in

Vancouver, British Colombia, islands of Queen Charlotte, and have been brought to the

islands in Prince William Sound. Towards the south the blacktail lives in California and

at the turn of the century were brought to Hawaii (Lawrence 60-62).

Deer like all animals have instincts or habits. Most deer, no matter where they live

have the same instincts. For example all deer in the northern hemisphere breed in

November. This breeding period is called the rut. During the rut the only thing deer are

thinking about is breeding. They pay no attention to cars on the road and that is why at

this time more than fifty percent of deer that get hit in a year get hit during the rut. While

the rut is going on in November all the bucks are checking out all the doe to see if they

meet their standards. Bucks are also showing of to the does by flaunting his rack and

fighting and defeating other bucks to show their superiority (www.ohiowildlife.com). Most

all bucks are dominate and aggressive animals. There are a few older ones who do not

have any desire to fight. Instead of fighting they hide all day. Between August and

October is when deer shed their velvet. During this time bucks hang around with each

other. They spar for fun with each other. they stay friendly with each other till the rut

(Ingram 49-51). Just about all deer have the same eating habits. Deer eat mainly

between sundown and sunrise. Almost never will you see a deer go and eat in a field in

brood daylight. They eat in the fields at night but never during the day. During the day,

when they occasionally they?ll eat close and around the fields where they can feel safe

and still get good crops. When the sun starts to come up they head back to their

bedding areas. On their way back to their bedding areas, or whatever movement they do

during the day they follow tree, fence, and creek lines. Deer that live adjacent big farms

with fields get to know farm machines, but split as soon as they see different vehicles.

Deer usually sleep during the day and do as much as possible at night when they feel

safer(Murray 44). When it snows deer move around without worry because snow makes

the woods or fields quiet, so its easier to hear things. Even though their hearing gets

better in snow their smelling gets worse. They don?t lose any ability to smell, the scents

in the woods are covered and not allowed to spread. Deer turn gray in winter to be blend

in to there surroundings. They have a tough time walking in deep snow. In awful storms

deer go under or into thick cover and can and will stay there for days. A big snow storm

will also mess up dear eating habits. They are forced into eating twigs and buds of small

trees. In winter, when there is no snow, they normally eat crop remains, acorns, broad

leaves, weeds, and grass (Almy 104-107).

The overpopulation of deer is becoming a big problem in most of the U.S. today.

Many states are encouraging people to hunt to lower the number of deer in an area. In

some places their are so many that the deer are getting very skinny and sick because of

lack of food. In the U.S. today their is an estimated average of thirteen million deer,

compared to the turn of the century when there was only five hundred thousand. Over

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