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probably heard of cancer patients taking a variety of medicines and varying doses. It has been found that naturally occurring P-glycoproteins help in the build up of resistance to this multidrug technique. In a present study, the pharmokinetics of doxorubicin, a P-glycoprotein modulator, and GF120918, a novel potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor, were examined in cancer patients in a search for more selective modulation of multidrug resistance (MDR). (Sparreboom A., Planting A. S., Jewell R. C., van der Burg M. E., van der Gaast A., de Bruijn P., Loos W. J., Nooter K., Chandler L. H., Paul E. M., Wissel P. S., Verweij J.) Data indicates that GF120918 at the tested doses of combination treatment achieves plasma concentrations that reverse MDR in experimental models and it lacks the significant kinetic interaction with doxorubricin observed previously with other modulators. (7)

Another study found that although multiple genes are involved in carcinogenisis. Carcinogenisis is the mutating of DNA because of a chemical in the body. Mutations of the p53 gene are the most frequent abnormality identified in human tumors. High levels of p53 expression and DNA-damaging agents work synergistcally to induce apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells. Phase I clinical trials now show that p53 gene replacement therapy using both retroviral and adenoviral vectors(these are ways of getting the replacement genes into the cell) is feasible and safe. (Roth)

Carcinoma, cancer of the epithelial cells, is a major cause of mortality in western societies. Clonal fixation and propagation of genetic changes due to oncogenes(cancer causing genes), sporadically accumulating in the epithelial cells, depend on growth factors and their surface receptors. One of the large families of receptors is that of the ErbB tyrosine kinases. ErbB-2 delays ligand dissociation, enhances coupling to the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and impedes the rate of receptor downregulation. The realization that ErbB-2 is a master regulator of a signaling network that drives epithelial cell prolification identifies this protein as a target for cancer therapy. (Klapper LN; Kirschbaum MH; Sela M; Yarden Y)

Cancer is still the second leading cause of death in the world. All though the outlook on where research is going is optimistic, I still feel that the faith of the patient is large factor. I have had many talks with Ken Culver about patients he has had in the past. One in particular stands out. The patient had a malignant tumor in her lung. She went through every treatment the doctors thought might work and nothing did. The doctors said it was only a matter of time and told her to enjoy the weeks she had left. To their surprise a month later she was improving and after two months the tumor was gone. When they asked her what she had done in the past two months she talked about positive mental imagery. She said she pictured the tumor as a large block of cheese and her immune system as a pack of mice. She envisioned the mice gnawing away on the cheese and she just started feeling better and better. The doctors had no explanation as to how the woman was sitting in the office telling them all this.

Cancer is a horrible disease that effects millions of people every year. Further improvements are being made in past treatment techniques, and new theories are being formulated as we speak. There are so many different types of cancer that there will never be one pill that can be taken as a cure. Hopefully the rapid new findings in gene therapy will be what the world needs to beat the plague of the twentieth century.



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