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Comprehensive New Orleans Essay, Research Paper

Comprehensive New Orleans

In a country containing so much diversity and history, it is practically impossible to

locate one city which embodies American diversity. a colony started by the French was

the first area to fully integrate culture and religion. The city of New Orleans, now

prosperous form its diversity, epitomizes the American Melting Pot . It is complicated to

relate such different backgrounds, but with an overview of history, culture, religion, and

integration on a small scale, a reader is capable of applying the values to the American

culture as a whole.

In 1699 the first plans for New Orleans were born. French-Canadian, Pierre le

Moyen, Sieur d Iberville left France to found a colony on the Gulf of Mexico. Sieur

d Iberville set up a fur trading for originally on the north gulf coast, then moved the

establishment to Dauphin Island. Once again, he moved the fort and created an inland

colony near Louisiana. Sieur d Iberville was in charge of all of France s responsibilities in

the southern portion of the territory. Wen Iberville died in 1706 the land under his

jurisdiction was given to ho brother, Jean Baptiste de Moyen Sieur de Beinville.

Beinville had great plans for the development of the French colonies and in 1717

he submitted plans for a new settlement to the Company of the West. In 1718 France

agreed with Beinville s plans and authorized him to establish the settlement, according to

his plans, one hundred miles up the Mississippi. Four years later the capitol of the

Louisiana territory was transferred to the new settlement now know as New Orleans.

The new colony was called New Orleans in honor of the Duke d Orlean. Duke

d Orlean supposedly had something to do with the funding for the new colony. The Duke

favored John Law, the founder of the Company of the West, and supported many of the

company s ventures, the construction of New Orleans inclusive.

The new, growing colony needed a government, so a democratic council was

formed. New Orleans was under the rule of a law making body called the Superior

council which was first formed in 1712. The Superior Council was well liked by the

people because it was a small representative democracy. During the 1720 s and 30 s

Beinville was replaced as mayor by Sieur de Pierre. The colony did not experience much

growth between these years so Beinville was reappointed governor in 1733 and left the

colony permanently in 1742.

Spain took over the government of New Orleans in 1766. The Spanish sent the

new governor, Antonio de Ulloa, to reign over their newest asset. Although the colony

was completely populated by French, there was not an immediate opposition to the

Spanish government. The French had treated the colonists very poorly. The little

property that the colony maintained was dependent on France and French markets. The

only thing Governor Ulloa desired to do was replace France with Spain and the French

markets with Spanish markets. The colonists were originally indifferent to a distant

change such as this.

Finally, in 1768 there was a rebellion against Spanish rule. The leaders of the

rebellion all lived in or around the new Orleans settlement. The rebel leaders had power

and were prosperous because of their involvement with the Superior Council. The

Spanish disbanded the Superior council and replaced it with a town council, named for its

meeting place, the Cabillo. The Cabillo had ten members, four seats were elected and six

were purchased. The rebels, not agreeing with the new form of government, chased

governor Ulloa out of town. The leaders of the rebellion were a arrested, five were shot,

one died in jail and the remaining six were incarcerated.

New Orleans was granted trading rights by Spain in 1795. In 1800 the Treaty of

San Ildefenso gave Louisiana back to France. This treaty was a secret, unknown to the

colonists. Napoleon Bonaparte induced the Spanish King to return the land to France for

extremely appealing considerations. Only rumors had been heard in the colony as to the

reality of such a transaction, no new government or laws were added. Rumors were

partially confirmed in 1802 when the Spanish in new Orleans withdrew the trading rights

they had previously granted. In 1803 French ownership became common knowledge.

French proprietorship became known to the colonists because Napoleon, in

betrayal of a promise he made to Spain, sold the entire province to the United States for

fifteen million dollars. After the Louisiana Purchase, the first American became governor

of New Orleans. A lawyer named William CC Claibourne was appointed governor by the

new president. In 1812 Claibourne, despite a general dislike by the constituency, was

elected governor and then in 1816 was elected senator for the state. As an American

state, new Orleans and the surrounding area were divided up into three municipalities for

the elections of government, because of the clashing beliefs of its inhabitants. In 1852 the

city government was reunified causing the same American-Creole conflicts causing to

separate the groups originally.

Aside for the rapidly changing leaders and government of new Orleans, the

heritage of the population was constantly changing. In fact, the Spanish, African, French,

Irish, German, and Latin all played a part in creating today s exciting metroplex atop all

that swampy muck.

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