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the container is made ofThe material of the

container could change the rate of heat loss. If it is made from polystyrene it

will not allow much heat to pass through it. If it is made of metal then it

will allow more heat to pass through it.

If the inside of the container is painted will make a difference. If it is

painted silver then it reflect some heat back to the water, but if it is

painted black it will absorb the heat and pass it out the other side. Room

temperature

If the temperature of the room is near the starting temperature of the water

then heat process of heat loss will not be as fast. This is because if there is

a bigger difference in temperature then the more heat will try to escape. Prediction

Out of the two materials that I chose to investigate I think that cotton wool

will be the best at reducing the heat loss. I am saying this because inside

cotton wool there are many small pockets of trapped air, and air is a very good

insulator in small pockets.

I also am suggesting that plain copper will be the worst insulator, because the

metal will allow the heat to run through it very easily resulting in a rapid

heat loss. I also think that with the

two insulators the rate of heat loss will start of fast and over time will slow

down. Plan

I intend to wrap two containers with the chosen insulators, but leave the last

one plain: Cotton wool Bubble wrapping I have also chosen to do a

control experiment without insulation to see if there is a great difference in

the heat loss if the container has insulation.

I will then boil some water and when it is boiled I will carefully pour it into

a measuring cylinder up the chosen volume (80cm³). I will pour it into the containers and allow it to

cool to the chosen starting temperature. Once it reaches the chosen starting

temperature then I will start the stop clock and record the temperature at

chosen intervals. I will repeat this procedure for the next two containers. I

will then repeat the whole experiment one more time to be sure that my results

that I will obtain are reliable and reproducible.To make this experiment a

fair test I will have to keep the following factors the same: Volume of water Starting temperature of water The number of times the insulation is wrapped

around the container Material of container Where the thermometer is placed in the water Be careful to protect eyes by using safety

goggles If I keep all of these the

same my experiment will be a fair one. Safety

Safety precautions are needed because I am dealing with hot water, which can

scald. The following things need to be acknowledged to, in order to keep this

experiment safe: Be careful not to knock over the container with

the hot water in Be careful not to knock over other peoples

containers Care is needed when pouring hot water Do not run with the container of hot water Apparatus

Below is a list of the things that I can use, whiles conducting my experiments: Three 150ml copper containers Kettle Safety goggles Stop clock 100 ml measuring cylinder Thermometer Corrugated card Cotton wool Bubble wrapping Method Put on safety goggles

2. Collect all the equipment that is needed as shown in apparatus list

above

3. Wrap the two containers with the chosen insulators, the third one is

left with no insulation

4. Boil kettle

5. Pour 100ml of boiled water into measuring cylinder

6. Pour this into one of the three containers

7. Put the thermometer in the water

8. Wait until the water cools down to 90°c

9. Start stop clock

10. Record the temperature every two minutes for 20 minutes

11. Repeat procedure for the other two containers

12. Repeat the whole set of experiment twice to ensure greater accuracy ResultsTest 1 Time

(mins) Temp

°c Temp

°c Temp

°c Cotton

Wool Bubble

Wrap Plain

Copper 2 82.0 86.0 82.0 4 78.0 84.0 79.0 6 72.0 82.0 76.0 8 69.0 81.0 72.0 10 68.0 78.0 69.0 12 65.0 76.0 67.0 14 62.0 75.0 64.0 16 60.0 73.0 62.0 18 59.0 70.0 59.0 20 58.0 68.0 56.0

Test 2 Time

(mins) Temp

°c Temp

°c Temp

°c Cotton

Wool Bubble

Wrap Plain

Copper 2 83.0 85.0 83.0 4 78.0 84.0 79.0 6 73.0 81.0 77.0 8 69.0 80.0 72.0 10 67.0 77.0 69.0 12 65.0 76.0 68.0 14 63.0 74.0 63.0 16 60.0 73.0 61.0 18 58.0 69.0 59.0 20 58.0 68.0 57.0 Average Results Time

(mins) Temp

°c Temp

°c Temp

°c Cotton

Wool Bubble

Wrap Plain

Copper 2 82.5 86.25 82.0 4 78.5 84.5 79.75 6 72.5 82.5 76.25 8 69.0 81.0 72.5 10 68.5 78.75 69.5 12 65.0 76.5 67.5 14 62.5 75.0 64.5 16 60.25 73.5 62.75 18 59.5 70.0 59.25 20 58.75 68.25 56.5 Conclusion

From looking at my graph and results table I conclude that there is a change at

the rate at which the heat transfers through the copper can. Altogether I

tested two materials and I have discovered which have the best insulating

properties. In order from the best insulator to the worst: Cotton wool Bubble wrap Plain copper In my prediction I had said

the cotton wool would be the best insulator, because it has many air pockets

trapped within it and air is an excellent insulator.I was correct in my

prediction.

From these statements I therefore conclude that: Heat loss is reduced when there is a insulator

wrapped around the container Small pockets of air makes a excellent insulator The colour black is a good conductor of heat

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