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Gulf War Essay, Research Paper

I.Introduction – Why did a coalition of over 30 nations find it was necessary to go to war to help Kuwait after it was invaded by Iraq? How did the coalition defeat the Iraqis? And although the coalition won there were many consequences to face when the war ended.

II.Reasons for war

a.Saddam Hussein

b.Iraq?s? Economic Crisis

c.Oil

d.Disputes over Boundary

III.Forming of the Coalition

a.Nations joining the Coalition

b.Coalition Strategy

c.Iraqi Strategy

IV.Military Operations

V.Consequences

a.UN-Iraqi Sanctions

b.Casualties

c.Gulf War Syndrome

d.Reconstruction of Kuwait

VI.Conclusion ? When the coalition of over 30 nations was formed by President Bush to help Kuwait after it was invaded by Iraq, they had their own strategy to win. With all the different parts of the strategy put together they won the war, but with consequences to face (some good, others bad).

The Persian Gulf War

Why did a coalition of over 30 nations find it was necessary to go to war to help Kuwait after it was invaded by Iraq? How did the Coalition defeat the Iraqis?? Although the Coalition won there were many consequences to face. The causes of the war started with Saddam Hussein, then the Iraqi?s economic condition, and the dispute over boundaries, and finally oil. When the Iraqi?s invaded Kuwait a coalition was formed against them, which consisted of the use of many types of military strategies. When the coalition won there were casualties, the Gulf War Syndrome, and still some things to deal with in Kuwait.

Since the invasion of Kuwait caught the world by surprise the question in everybody?s mind was ? What were the reasons for the invasion? The first reason was Saddam Hussein. Saddam had two distinct characteristics: one, the determination to be remembered in history, two, and a certain vision of the future. Saddam wanted to have a unified Arab world with Baghdad as its center. Hussein also felt that after that after the fall of the Ottoman Empire there was an uneven distribution of wealth from oil reserves to the allied nations. Iraq?s only hope of survival was clearly oil revenues from its neighbor, Kuwait. Iraq?s economy was also hurt with the consequences of the 8-year Iran-Iraq War. When Iraq?s leaders claimed victory there were three-quarters of a million casualties (one third Iraqis), and heavy debt from weapon purchases and reconstruction costs. The debt totaled nearly $130 billion. After the war countries slowed the granting of loans to rebuild Iraq. At this time Iraq had to find money or it would not survive. The only source of money would be to sell Iraq?s oil at high prices or to get Kuwait?s oil.

Kuwait was a major oil target for Iraq because it would give them major control over the world?s oil reserves and a large role in OPEC and its policies. Despite Kuwait?s oil wealth it was already a wealthy country. If it came down to it Kuwait could survive without its oil revenue because of all its investments. In 1990 when the price of oil started dropping Iraq was in real trouble. At an OPEC meeting in May 1990, Iraq stressed their anger about Kuwait?s over production of oil. On Baghdad Radio it was reported that Saddam Hussein stated that the continuing of over production of oil and its effect on oil prices was a so-called war on Iraq. Iran supported Iraq when they requested that the minimum price of oil was set to $25 per barrel, which was $14 at the time. OPEC eventually agreed to $21 per barrel of oil. After the agreement it was assumed that the Iraqi-Kuwaiti dispute was over. But that assumption was wrong.

There were disputes over the land boundaries and Kuwait?s right to stay an independent state. The UK granted Kuwait independence in 1961. The Iraqis felt that in 1871 when Kuwait became part of the Ottoman providence it belonged to them when Iraq was created by joining the Ottoman providences of Mosul, Baghdad and Basra. However, there were some issues that Kuwait was not taking into consideration such as when Kuwait was detached from the Ottoman Empire in 1899 by the UK. The disputes over land boundaries were mostly about access to the sea and the islands of Warba and Babiyan. The northern borders of Kuwait and Iraq followed the line of the UK-Ottoman Convention of 1913. This is when Kuwait was also given the two islands. The northwestern and western borders were specified in the Iraqi-Kuwaiti Convention of 1932. Iraq?s access to the sea was blocked by land except for one small outlet to the gulf. Its major problem with this is it has no outlets for exports. Iraq felt it would be ideal to have a deep-water port on the Kuwaiti coast. In 1963 Baghdad tried to have the borders adjusted; it was rejected and so was the idea in 1984 to lease the islands.

Kuwait was clearly outnumbered on the morning of August 2nd when 150,000 Iraqi troops headed for Kuwait City. The Iraqi?s quickly took control of Kuwait City and very soon after they had control of the whole country. The Security Council immediately started an economic embargo on Iraq that stopped almost all trade with Iraq. On August 6th the United States announced its deployment of 400,000 military troops to Saudi Arabia. After this twelve members of the Arab League also voted to send troops. 200,000 addition troops were sent from Saudi Arabia, The United Kingdom, France, Kuwait, Egypt, Syria, Senegal, Niger, Morocco, Bangladesh, Pakistan, The United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain. Countries which contributed ships, air forces and medical units included Canada, Italy, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Czechoslovakia, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Poland, and South Korea. Turkey allowed uses of its air bases and Japan and Germany gave financial support.

The

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