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Rate Of Reactions Chemestry Essay, Research Paper

llWhat does the Concentration have on the rate of reactionWritten by Stephen FosterBrief:To investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.Introduction:I am to investigate what effects concentration of the reactant (hydrochloric acid) has on the rate of reaction between it and calcium carbonate. Specifically I am to see weather it will have an effect on the amount of the product produced and the time in which it took place.The Definition: The rate of a reaction is usually expressed in terms of a change in concentration of one of the chemicals involved in the experiment. The rate of a reaction is the speed at which reactants are converted into products. Prediction:I predict that with a raise in the concentration of the reactant will result in the increase in the rate of the reaction also that the reverse is also true for a decrease in the concentration, assuming that the conditions of the test are kept fare. I predict this because it conforms with collision theory which describes that the way concentration and surface area of the solid reactant affects the rate of the reaction, by affecting the collisions between particles. Particles react when they collide with sufficient energy to break the bonds holding them together, this is called the activation energy. At a higher concentration collision will become more frequent and thus increasing the rate of reaction, because there are more particles in the liquid.Scientific Reason:I think this will happen because an increase in the number of particles will increase the chances of the particles colliding. This will raise the rate of the reaction and all the decrease the time in which it takes place. Plan:I am to investigate what effects concentration of the reactant (hydrochloric acid) has on the rate of reaction between it and calcium carbonate.In my experiment I will use the following apparatus: Delivery tube, Water bath, Meniscus tube & beaker.There is a certain level of safety concerning this experiment which is directed to the concentration of the Hydrochloric acid (Hcl), so I have taken the precaution of wearing safety glasses and when using the highest concentration 2.0 molars I will use safety goggles because of the increased risk. I am measuring the amount of gas produced.To make the experiment a fare test I will keep all variables the table excluding the Concentration of Hydrochloric acid (Hcl). I think that the amount of gas produced will increase as the concentration of acid is increased. I also think that the time in which the reaction to take place will decrease with the raising in the concentration of the reactant hydrochloric acid.I will be using a long thin glass tube with measurements on the side to measure the gas collected in the experiment. I ve chosen this over other apparatus because it s more accurate in this type of experiment and better designed for measuring gas.I the factors I m investigating are the concentration of Hydrochloric acid, the amount of gas produced at pre set time intervals, the amount of hydrochloric acid used in each experiment & the amount of calcium carbonate used in each separate experiment.One factor I couldn t control was the temperature at the time when the experiment was performed. I can not say without some doubt that the room temperature of which I conducted my experiment was at a constant, this may affect the rate of the reaction as temperature can have an invaluable affect of the rate of the reaction. However I doubt that the room temperature varied a great deal.I will keep the amount of calcium carbonate the same (0.3g) each time I perform the experiment, the quantity of Hydrochloric acid will also be kept the same, I will keep all variables the same except for the concentration of Hydrochloric acid.I will take 8 measurements at 15 second intervals, in total the length of the experiment will be 2 minutes and I shall carry out the experiment 5 times with varying concentrations of Hydrochloric acid. I think that with a raise in the concentration of the reactant will result in the increase in the rate of the reaction also that the reverse is also true for a decrease in the concentration, assuming that the conditions of the test are kept fare because when you increase the concentration of the reactant in this case Hydrochloric acid the number of particles is raised and thus raises the chances of one particle colliding with another and starting a reaction. This will make the reaction more virile and the product will be produced at a faster rate than any other concentration of the reactant lower than the one currently in use. The overall concentration of Calcium carbonate particles remains the same in accordance with my wishes to keep this variable the same, but the concentration of Hydrochloric particles has risen a great deal and raises the chances of particles colliding.

I will try and make my measurements as precise as I can so that my evidence will be much clearer and easier to read. One way of helping this is to keep the gas collecting tube upright so that the readings will appear precisely as possible.Method:I decided to make things simpler by ignoring all but the 120-second result for each experiment. I decided on this one because I thought that it would be most accurate, since the result is greater, so errors become smaller in comparison to the eventual result.The purpose of this experiment is to devise weather there is a link between the concentration of a reactants concentration and the amount of the product produced.Step one is to collect the equipment necessary to perform each experiment, these include:-Beaker, delivery tube, water bath, the different concentrations of hydrochloric acid, Meniscus tube, measuring tubes, clamp, safety goggles & Timer for recording results.Set out the rough guide lines for a table to record your results, make sure that the table covers

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