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Walls Essay, Research Paper

Walls-

The framework that supports Roofs, ceilings, floors, interior trims and coverings, and exterior trim and coverings. Two types or purposes Bearing and Non load Bearing –carries the weight from above, such as ceilings floors roofs most exterior walls tend to be bearing partitions Some more than others. Eve sides carry more loads then the gable sides. Non bearing walls serve only one purpose and that is to separate Materials- 2×4, 2×6 most exterior walls are going to be framed with 2×6 material for the one purpose of more insulation.

Orientation -southern exposure

Heat always goes to cold

Walls less than 10” we use stud grade, greater than 10” we need to use light framing. Common species are hemlock, spruce, pine, fir, and the further south you travel you’ll find more Southern Yellow pine. Moisture content 19% or less. Dry areas where tile may be applied like a hot tub or bath. Lightweight steal again bearing and non-bearing 22-25 gauge the higher the gauge the thinner the steel. Bearing walls-18 gauge or less.

Plates- Horizontal framing members that ties the wall system together. Splices should fall on framing member and be staggered from top to bottom

Double top plate- Provides more support strengthens and ties other wall in with each other, straightens. The splice in a double top needs to be a minimum of four feet away from the splice in the top plate. . Nailing should be slightly toe nailed they should be flushed on the inside and crown out.

Studs – common wall framing member the member that goes from bottom to top plate in one continues length. Non Bearing Wall- Minimum 2×3 framing material. If floor space needs to be saved you can frame 2×4 the flat way only in special applications. Examples: half baths. Top and bottom plates must be ripped down to an inch and a half

Stud size 2×4 maximum spacing supporting a roof and ceiling is 24”o.c. Exterior walls or interior walls instead of using ? “ sheet rock 5/8” sheet rock would be used.

Rough Openings – Identify centerlines without a line Jack studs must be continues from bottom plate the header. Distance between jacks is our rough opening we are looking for.

Nailing pattern for stud 2-8d aligned on the bottom.

A door going from a living space to a garage must be fire retardant. Allow 2 ?” more than the size of the door for rough openings. After all rough openings are laid out recheck your rough opening to make sure it’s the right size.

Headers are three inches longer than the rough openings, and can be built up with 2 or more pieces of dimensional material and ?” ply spacers. Solid 4×6, 4×8, 4×10 but to green and no insulation can be added. Micro lams, Para Lams are all pre engineared products. Crown mark always goes up on headers and flush on the bottom nailing is 16 on center.

Sills- are single pieces from jack to jack sill is equal to the rough opening.

Every sleeping area shall have at least one operable window or exterior door approved for emergency escape or rescue. Where windows are provided as a means of escape or rescue, they shall have a sill height of not more than 44” above the floor. Tell homeowners and write on paper work that a room is a family room not a bedroom if there is not two direct exits.

Window rough openings tend to be wider than door rough openings because we have more widths to choose from. Sill can be single or double. Awning windows are the ones hinged on top hopper windows are the ones hinged on the bottom sliders are the worst as far as draft goes.

Perma -Shield is a brand name of Anderson. These windows come in white, territone, and sandstone. A recommended window width for a 2×4 wall is 4 and nine sixteenths, 6 9/16 is the width of window recommended for a 2×6 wall. Glazing refers to the glass. Most glass today is high-performance low-e for elasticity. The greatest heat loss in a building is through the glass. Insulated glass is two panes of glass with a vacuum in-between. Things don’t travel through a vacuum very easily

Whenever your rough opening width is greater than 6’ we use a double jack. Big disadvantage to a gliding window is air infiltration.

Wood windows – the first two numbers tell you the width of the glass. The second two numbers tell you the height of the glass. So we can add 6” to the width and add double plus nine for the height and get our rough opening dimension.

Hinged doors are a better security door and are better insulated.

Primed wood casement windows come with 908 brick or western molding. You need 1 5/16thick drip caps; if you don’t designate you will get the brick molding. Also known as eastern molding. 1x material, 1×6 common. Drip cap comes in ?” sizes.

Down stairs grade floor 5.0 but you still needed is a height of 22” and a width of 20”

Upstairs grade 5.7

Angle Bays are always 30 or 45

Exterior doors are 1 ?” wood or steel

Interior doors are 1 3/8” better quality

Most residential doors will be in swing. Never put an inswing door in a commercial application because of fire. Keyed lockset one used for exterior doors dummy’s, passage set (closets) cant lock, bedroom sets knob turning and lock from inside the room, bathroom lock sets are usually brass on the out side and chrome on the inside.

Interior Doors- 2/6 – 6/6 or 6/8.

Determine total wall height and find your stud lengths. To check your work add all cripple lengths to header lengths and add that to the jacks and they should equal the stud length.

One door in a dwelling must be a 3/0 6/8 hinged. Wood, steel doors that usually come witth908 molding the jacks of the windows will be slightly higher. (3/4”) This will change the cripples over the header, and

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