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Canada Essay, Research Paper

Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. It has ten provinces

and 3 territories. It takes up 3,800,000 square miles and stretches from the island of

Newfoundland in the east to the border of Canada and Alaska in the west.

Canada?s climate differs in the regions. In the north there are harsh winters with low

temperatures. Much of the land in the north are in Permafrost where the ground stays frozen

year round. In the Atlantic coast there are storms that have high winds and lots of

precipitation. In the west there are mild winters that are very cloudy and wet.

There are seven separate geological regions in Canada that make up Canada.

The Appalachian region which includes the east coats and the eastern part of

Quebec. This region consists of hills and valleys created by volcanic activity from millions

and millions of years ago.

The Interior Lowlands were formed by glaciers and cover most of southern Quebec

and southern Ontario around the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario. This area is full of

valley?s and high cliffs. The Niagara excrement and the sand dunes near Lake Ontario are

examples of the Interior Lowlands.

The Canadian Shield is in the center of Canada. This area is made up of rock that is

about six hundred million years old. It is considered one of the largest continental shields and

contains almost 25% of the worlds fresh water supply.

The Arctic Lowlands are located around the Hudson Bay in northern Ontario and

northern Manitoba. This area is a swampy area with lots of trees there. The two main trees

there are the Tamarack trees and Black Spruce.

The Great Plains cover the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. This

area is allot like the same Great Plains in the United States. It is a wide open flatland with

grass and grains on it.

In the west is a region full of mountains and alpine lakes. In it are the Rocky

mountains, the Caribou Mountains, and the Coastal Mountains. The largest mountain in

Canada can be found there, Mount Logan.

The Arctic Archipelago is a small chain of islands located off the northern coast of

the country. Scientists believe it was once a single land mass. They have found this out by

the jagged cliffs and walls on the side of the island.

Canada?s seasons are a lot like those that we have in the United States although there

winters can be long and harsh. There summers are usually warm. The average temperature

of the summer is 86 degrees Fahrenheit.

Canada has many different plant and animals that live there. In every region there

are different kinds of plant life and animals. In the far-most regions there are plants that can

live in the below zero temperatures, like the juniper and different kinds of the lichen. These

plants can live with only two or three months of warmth to allow them to grow. There are

smaller animals like the beaver, chipmunk, raccoons and groundhogs that are mainly in the

eastern parts of Canada. These animals live by eating nuts and berries. There are lots of birds

in Canada to. The most famous of these birds would be the Canadian goose. There are also

other smaller birds and water fowl that live there. Larger animals like bears, moose, elk, and

caribou also in inhabit the area to.

The first people to explore Canada were the Vikings. The captain of the ship was

Eric Ericson, also know as Eric the Red. The Vikings land at L?Anse aux Meadows on the

northern tip of Newfoundland around A.D. 1000. However the Vikings attempts of settling

didn?t last because there was no way to keep the supplies regulated there.

Later in 1497 more explorers came to Canada to explore it. The first of these people

was John Cabot. He went to the coast of eastern Canada. Later In 1534 Jacques Cartier and

Samuel de Champlain, both French explorers. Cartier landed on Prince Edward Island an the

Gspe Peninsula, claiming the land for his country, France.

the Fench claimed Canada theirs and then sent trappers to the central part of Canada

to see if there were many furs there. The trappers found a large abundance of furs and soon

the French set up colonies in big fur trade areas. The British were afraid that the French

would take over the fur industry so they set up the Hudson?s Bay Company. The French

tried to fight for the rights of Canada but in 1760, the French lost the battle of the Plains of

Abraham to the British and they had to give up their Canadian territories. In 1763, the

French and British signed a treaty that gave England all of Canada except for the islands of

St. Pierre and Miquelon.

Canada split into two colonies, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. The population

grew as more Europeans came there to settle. Soon people didn?t like the laws and rules and

started rebellions. In 1841 the two rebellions were unified and the province of Canada and

Nova Scotia (Upper Canada and Lower Canada) were given the right to self -govern and

they formed a confederation. Then the Dominion of Canada was born.

Canada has a Democracy that is a lot like the United States. They have three levels

of government: Federal, provincial, and municipal. The federal government runs the country

as and it?s affairs with other countries. The provincial government runs the territories and

providence?s(state government) and the municipal government runs towns and communities.

Canada is a constitution monarchy. The queen of

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