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Harlem Piano School. Interestingly, he was almost totally blind and

taught himself to read. He was said to have an understanding far

beyond his contemporaries. This is due, in part, to the fact that he

was born into a musical family.

James P. Johnson (1891-1955)

Johnson was another big piano player to come from the Harlem

Piano School. He spent a lot of time working in clubs in Hell’s

Kitchen district of New York City. He wrote Broadway musicals and in

the mid ’20’s he began composing large-scale orchestral works. Also,

he was known for his great improvisation.

Eubie Blake (1883-1983)

Blake began playing at age six when his parents, both former

slaves, bought a piano for their home. He began composing songs as a

teenager. He is remembered for his ragtime style of jazz.

Willie “The Lion” Smith (1887-1973)

Smith, who played piano, was also a product of the Harlem Piano

School. He earned his nickname while serving in the army. He led his

own band in Harlem during the early 1920’s.

Duke Ellington (1899-1974)

The “Duke” is considered by many to be the most important

American composer in the history of jazz. What makes him unique is

that he composed music individually for the members of his orchestra

instead of lumping them all together. Ellington’s opening of the

Cotton Club is considered to be one of the most important jazz events

of the 1920’s. It was there that he and his band gained their

international reputation as one of the best jazz orchestras in the

world.

Fletcher Henderson (1898-1952)

Henderson was a man of many talents. Not only did he succeed as

a pianist, composer, and arranger, but he also had a double degree in

chemistry and math. One of his main contributions was his

introduction of the “swing formula”. As an authentic blues artist, he

wasn’t very good but, he was representative of many of the

well-trained bandleaders.

In conclusion, Chicago and New York were the two most important

cities for jazz during the 1920’s. The music was a sophisticated kind

of New Orleans jazz. Sometime it had a blues feeling and sometimes it

didn’t. The 1920’s are when jazz seriously made a name for itself.

Society knew good music when it heard it- and, with out a doubt, the

1920’s proved that.

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