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1.4 To produce single keystroke operations for various tasks, also known as Hot Keys, is very simple. For an example, within Windows 95, a hot key can be assigned to open a particular executable. This is done by opening the properties of the executable icon and adding a letter in the Shortcut Key box.

2.1 Installing or Upgrading a software package within a CUI is a very easy task. An example would be to install a game that doesn?t have any sub-directories. The game will be on a floppy disk and we will have to make a directory on the hard disk. It would go as follows:

C: {Enter}

MD GAME{Enter}

CD GAME {Enter}

COPY A:\{Enter}

The game no can be played by simply typing the executable file name under the directory ?GAME?

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2.2 To install or upgrade a software package within a GUI is usually very simple as the package will have its own SETUP.EXE file which will do it all for you. But, for the sake of it we?ll do an example that doesn?t contain a SETUP.EXE file. The installation example is as follows:-

1. Open Windows Explorer

2. Click on A: and select all the file on the disk by clicking on the first file, hold shift down, and by pressing the down arrow key until it reaches the last file.

3. While all the files are selected, right mouse click on any of those files and click on COPY.

4. Click on the C: and make a directory by clicking on the Root directory of where you want to install it and click on NEW FOLDER from the File Menu.

5. Type in the name of the new folder and press enter

6. Right mouse click on that folder and click on paste. It is now copied onto the Hard Disk.

To make a shortcut on the desktop simply right mouse click anywhere on the desktop and then click on NEW SHORTCUT. Browse for the executable file of the software package and select it. Done.

2.3 To adjust the GUI to accept the new software would probably only arise when manually installing a software package where an older version of the same package exists on the CUI. If this is the case, then there are a couple of steps to be taken. The first step would be to check the lower half of the WIN.INI file for any configuration settings for the old, existing version of the software package. An example is below:

[WinZip]

win32_version=6.3

Name=LeonD

SN=sdf08s789s

As you can see, the configuration within the WIN.INI tells Windows that the Version is 6.3 so that would have to be changed to coincide with the new installation. The serial number will usually be the same, but if not, change that here as well. Usually as a word of wisdom, always try to UPGRADE software if you have an existing version because installing a new version can cause problems if an existing version is also on the GUI.

Also, if you do INSTALL a newer version, always remove the old version before you install the newer by going to ADD/REMOVE within CONTROL PANEL. This will delete all the old configuration settings for the older version.

2.4 Conflicts will only arise in software when the above situations (2.3) do arise. As a word of wisdom, always try to UPGRADE over existing software, never INSTALL newer versions onto a system that contains the older versions. If you have to, always delete the old version via the Control Panel (Add/Remove) to remove any risk of conflicting software.

3.1 The Major Types Of Viruses:-

Boot Sector Viruses ? Attempts to replace or inflect the boot sector of a hard or floppy disk.

File Infectors ? Attempts to infect executable file and spreads virus when infected executable files are run. Multiparite Virus ? Attempts to infect both executable files and boot sectors.

Polymorphic Virus ? Mutates each time it replicates to stay one step ahead of anti-virus software.

Stealth Virus ? Attempts to falsify checksum values to evade detection.

Systemic Virus ? Targets the FAT partition tables, device drivers and the system files (IO.SYS & COMMAND.COM)

3.2 The method of virus prevention is to try to eliminate all the possible sources of how viruses can infect your system. One way is to never run anything of floppy disks, CD-Roms or the Internet and the other is to simply install Anti-Virus software. Just remember that a virus cannot just appear, it has to be copied onto your system or run off a floppy disk from your system. In today?s society, viruses are being written every day and computers are infected every day, but most makers of viruses only want to infect and damage information of rather large companies such as banks or law enforcement agencies. The only way you will get infected is by opening documents on your system that came from external sources and most of the top anti-virus packages will scan these documents and software packages before your system even opens them so there is a way to deal with viruses. The way an anti-virus package does this is by sitting resident in the background of a GUI or CUI and scans each document which is opened. For example, if you place a floppy disk in your computer and open it using Windows Explorer, the anti-virus package will automatically scan the disk for you and instantly disinfect or inform you of any viruses.

3.3 Installing anti-virus software is the easiest part. The hardest part is finding the right package for you which will perform all the tasks you need it to. When I look for an anti-virus package, it MUST be able to do a surface scan of my computer each day apon booting in the CUI by loading the AUTOEXEC.BAT. The other crucial task it should be able to do is sit resident in the background of my GUI, scanning everything I open and automatically disinfects or informs me of any virus it finds.

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