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Community-Based Policing Essay, Research Paper

Community-Based Policing: Law Enforcement For The Twentieth Century

by KONSTANTINOS I. KORIAS.

ENGLISH COMPOSITION

PROFESSOR CHUCK NILES

(MONDAY NIGHT CLASS)

OUTLINE

Thesis:Community-based policing provides hope for the future of Law enforcement.

I. Introduction to C.B.P.

A.The roots of C.B.P.

B.So what is community?

II.The two elements of C.B.P. law enforcement

philosophy are:

A. Community partnership.

B. Problem solving.

III. The reaction of police to change.

IV. The future of C.B.P.

A. A first step in C.B.P.

B. Measuring success.

C. Crime prevention.

V. Conclusion.

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY-BASED POLICING.

“In Philadelphia, a pulsating tavern juke box that has caused irate neighbors to

log 500 Police calls in six months, was moved away from a common wall with the

adjoining building.@ (Author unknown US News) The calls stopped. Though it seems

simple, such a move is at the heart of what we know as Community-based Policing.

The movement toward C.B.P. has gained momentum in recent years. As Police and

community leaders search for more effective ways to enhance the sense of public

safety and the quality of life in their communities. We have accepted C.B.P in

one police department after another,and we are ready now to agree that “C.B.P.

provides hope for the future of Law enforcement.” We can trace the seed of C.B.P.

back to Sir Robert Peel, the father of the modern Police system, who said “the

Police is the public and the public are the Police”(Braiden). For different

reasons, the Police lost sight of that principle defining their relationship

with the public. Modern historians have said that the reform era in government,

which started in the 1900’s to combat corruption, along with the move toward the

professional image of police work, resulted in the separation of Police and

Community (Kelling, Moore, pg-5)

Reform style Policing emerged in the 50s and 60s with rotating shifts and

frequent movement of officers, (to prevent corruption). Random patrolling (a

reactive police technique) was also detrimental to the link between Police and

public. The police adopted a policy of centralized control to ensure compliance

with set standards, and to encourage a professional aura of impartiality. All

these policies along with the use of automobiles, telephones, and other

technological advances helped distance the Police more. The calls for service

increased as urban population and crime awareness increased, making the police

almost totally reactive. The introduction of computers only encouraged that

false idea of “quick” reactive response and a statistical view toward measuring

success in policing(rather than analyzing the local needs of the community.)

By the late 70’s the communities had become a diverse pool of nationalities,

subcultures, and attitudes. People identified themselves as parts of separate

groups and at times the Police was not part of what they called “us.@ During

this time, a burst of new ideas and changes in the sociopolitical and economic

structure began to occur that would eventualy,bring about a new kind of police

officer.

In this changing environment, all social institutions were scrutinized. The

Police, slow and overburdened, were losing ground rapidly. Police leaders felt

the need to reflect on these problems and their overall relationship (their

image) with the public. In their attempts to understand what was going wrong,

many studies and experiments were sponsored. One of them, the “KANSAS STUDY”

proved that, no matter how many police officers are devoted to random patrolling,

there is no effect on the actual crime rate. (Bureau of justice asst. pg. 13-65)

The government had recognized the problems of crime fighting and the problems of

Police – Community relations, as far back as 1967.The Presidents Commission on

Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice report: The Challenge of crime in

a free society, called”for the creation of a new kind of police officer.@

Almost thirty years later that idea of a “new kind of police officer” has

provided a whole new model for Policing. It is an evolutionary and not

revolutionary philosophy that attempts to refocus the essence of policing to “a

Law Enforcement (philosophy) that tries to do two things: first bring police

officers and citizens together in neighborhoods. Second give the Police

responsibility for solving problems in the community.@ (Wilson pg. 21) As stated

above the new Law enforcement philosophy incorporates two elements: Community

partnership and Problem solving. These two elements are the cores of the

policing strategy for the future of American large communities( inner cities )

and other high crime areas. The way to achieve the results promised by C.B.P.

is through constant education and the application of the two elements of C.B.P.

COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP means adopting a policing perspective that exceeds the

standard Law enforcement emphasis. This broadened outlook recognizes the value

of activities that contribute to the orderliness and well being of a

neighborhood (community). These activities could be helping accident or crime

victims, improving emergency medical services, helping resolve domestic and

neighborhood

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