Читать реферат по английскому: "Abuse Counseling Essay Research Paper Abuse Counseling" Страница 1

(Назад) (Cкачать работу)

Abuse Counseling Essay, Research Paper

Abuse Counseling 2

Abstract

The consequences of substance abuse, domestic abuse, sexual abuse, and food abuse in the United States are enormously costly (Greeno, 1996). Although the costs can probably be evaluated in dollars, they are more readily understood in human terms: family discord, neglect of children, personal misery, financial straits, medical problems, HIV infection, legal problems, incarceration, job loss, the list goes on. Combating and reducing the source of these problems has proven to be difficult indeed, but one of the most straightforward and non-controversial ways is to offer effective treatment, through counseling, to the above-mentioned abusers and/or abused. Through the use of several different modalities, counselors have proven to be an effective tool for generating positive behavioral modifications (Capuzzi & Gross, 2001).

Abuse Counseling 3

Substance Abuse Counseling

By: Jennifer Reynolds

Substance abuse disorders across America are on the rise (Caplan, 1997). With the ever-increasing number of individuals being diagnosed with substance abuse disorders, it is important that substance abuse counseling persevere with an ever-increasing success rate. It is estimated that approximately 30% of the population will have a diagnosable substance abuse disorder in their lifetime (Caplan, 1997). The National Institute on Drug Abuse (1990) estimates that there are 5.3 million people with a diagnosable drug abuse or dependence problem at any given time. The institute also estimates that only 15% of the people in need of clinical intervention for substance abuse disorder ever receive it.

The lifetime prevalence rates for other mental disorders among persons diagnosed with substance abuse disorders range from 75% to 85% (Caplan, 1997). In addition, the symptoms of withdrawal and intoxication for many substances mimic the symptoms of other mental disorders. As a result, it is important that the clinician be able to distinguish between symptoms arising from, and related to, substance abuse disorders, and those related to other mental disorders. Failure to make this distinction can result in a misdiagnosis and poor treatment planning (Cappuzzi & Gross, 2001).

The DSM IV describes substance dependence in terms of the symptoms presented in three realms of functioning: cognitive, behavioral, and physiological (APA,

Abuse Counseling 4

1994). Before a counseling treatment plan is initiated it is important for clinicians to familiarize themselves with the criteria for dependency, tolerance, withdrawal, and

remission. Counselors should also have a basic understanding of the eleven classes of substances (APA, 1994), what the effects of these substances are and how they cause their effects. Problems associated with an individual’s drug addiction can vary significantly. People who are addicted to drugs come from all walks of life. Many suffer from mental health, occupational, health, or social problems that make their addictive disorders much more difficult to treat (Greeno, 1996) . Even if there are few associated problems, the severity of addiction itself ranges widely among people. Correctly diagnosing substance abuse disorders at the earliest possible point in the course of the disorder, greatly improves the prognosis for the patient (Caplan, 1997). Once the clinician has properly diagnosed a patient, a variety of therapeutic techniques can be utilized.

There are many approaches to substance abuse counseling. These include community centers, family therapy, agonist therapy, one on one counseling, in patient treatment, vocational rehabilitation, and support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. There are numerous other approaches that are also available, each utilizing its own techniques. Agonist therapy, for example, involves giving patients medication that actually mimics the drug the patient is addicted to. Whichever treatment option is used, it is important that the counselor be competent in their specific area of specialization.

The qualities and skills of the counselor that are generic to any counseling relationship must be present in the counselor working with persons diagnosed with

Abuse Counseling 5

substance abuse disorders (Capuzzi & Gross, 2001). These include the abilities to be direct in questioning and confronting, to self-disclose appropriately, to clarify, to be aware

of counter transference, and to be aware of the effects one s own beliefs may have on the counseling relationship. (Cappuzzi & Gross, 2001). The qualities necessary for the counselor to possess include empathy, genuineness, warmth, and non-judgmental acceptance (Caplan, 1997).

The assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of substance abuse disorders requires counselors to possess not only general counseling skills and abilities, but also specialized skills and abilities relative to this population. Knowledge of assessment instruments and techniques that facilitate the making of a DSM IV (APA, 1994) diagnosis is necessary for the counselor to communicate with other professionals and make treatment recommendations. The proper use of supervision will greatly enhance the counselor s effectiveness and comfort when working with clients. Accurate diagnosis at the earliest possible time in the counseling relationship greatly improves the prognosis for the client, no matter what type of treatment is being used.

Abuse Counseling 6

Domestic Abuse Counseling

By: Patricia Luna

The area of people abuse is such a broad area. For this reason, the focus will be narrowed to the area of domestic abuse. According to Emilio C. Viano’s book Intimate Violence research shows that violence and aggression are often used in marriage and family situations to enforce the will

Похожие работы