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The need to eat is a basic motivation. Being either overweight or underweight entail obvious health hazards. A number of factors contribute to changing body shape including racial and individual differences and in set point, sociocultural factors are also involved. In normal cases, our bodies are capable of regulating body weight at a fairly stable level. However, those suffering from anorexia nervosa refuse to maintain body weight at or above a minimal normal level, hence they literally starve themselves, sometimes until their weight drops to dangerously low levels. These people have a disordered perception of their body being much fatter than it actually is.

There are a number of motivational factors that attribute to a person s fluctuating body weight. The effects of learning are involved as people acquire different eating habits throughout their lives. They learn to associate the act of eating with many different situations. The desire to eat can be classically conditioned; cues associated with eating when we are hungry can be acquired to a capacity which prompts eating when we are not hungry. (Baron, 1998, p. 389). Other factors include genetic inheritance such as metabolism rate and also stress aspects including how well an individual reacts to stress (e.g. during an exam period).

CONCLUSION

Consummatory responses of eating can occur without hunger motivation. Hunger is a primary motivation that helps keep the organism alive. For hunger and eating, specific brain and peripheral sites are crucial. Previously held assumptions about simple hunger centres controlling eating onset and offset are no longer acceptable. It is also about an individual being motivated to become what he or she perceives to be an ideal . There is the belief that the body has a simple set-point theory for weight, to which short-term eating behaviour adjusts. Those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa have been compared on a number of variables such as responsiveness to food cues, food consumption and personality characteristics. (Ferguson, 2000, p. 181).

The study of motivation is one of ongoing interest to psychologists as they are not only interested in studying motivational behaviour but to understand and prevent aspects of undesirable acts such as eating disorders. The perception of the theories of motivation, such as the drive and set-point theories, provide a way in which psychologists can develop appropriate interventions to cease unacceptable acts.

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