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wages. Suppose “third world Country A” uses adult labor to produce goods to export, but relied on “third world Country B” for imports of raw materials to produce goods. Country B uses child labor. If Country B is sanctioned then demand for those exports of Country A, will fall, and consequently reduce demand for adult laborers. Even worse, a decline in demand for imports results in a decline in demand for the child labor. Ultimately fewer people work and both adult and child employees are worse off.17 The viscous cycle is then set in motion. A harsh financial environment spawns more poverty, in turn a child becomes a valuable source of income to its family. “In many cases, a child’s income defines the difference between destitution and mere poverty for a struggling family” 18Economic factors such as the Asian economic crisis are worsening the problem. Workers in Indonesia are letting it be known that any job is better than no job. When Philip Knight announced plans to improve Nike’s labor practices, he did not include plans to improve wage levels. In Indonesia, because of the economic crisis, the purchasing power of workers has dropped an estimated 60%.19 As low as the pay is Indonesian workers express their concern ” that its better to have a minimum paying job than no job.”20 The difficulty and complexity of this problem is standing in the way of change. Meanwhile companies like Nike are taking advantage of the situation and prospering.It is suggested that companies like Nike could survive on long term profits while respecting labor practices. “Investors believe companies like Nike have the capacity to generate substantial profits over the long term while paying workers their fair share of the revenue generated in part by their productive labor. Minimally that means paying a wage sufficient to meet basic labor needs and provide discretionary income.”21 Internally Nike will spend more on fair labor practices, in turn lessening their GRMOI but resulting in equilibrium in the labor market where child workers don’t work and adult wages are high. 22 There is no easy solution to child labor problems. All presented solutions have been linked to possible devastating effects. Even those solutions that involve selfless acts of financial sacrifice seem unable to solve a problem that is as deep rooted as economic growth and development itself.



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