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Legal Issues Case Study For Nursing Essay, Research Paper

Legal Issues Case Study for Nursing

Case 2

Nursing Situation:

Cindy Black (fictitious name), a four-year-old child with wheezing, was

brought into the emergency room by her mother for treatment at XYZ (fictitious

name) hospital at 9:12 p.m. on Friday, May 13.

Initial triage assessment revealed that Cindy was suffering from a sore

throat, wheezing bilaterally throughout all lung fields, seal-like cough,

shortness of breath (SOB), bilateral ear pain. Vital signs on admission were

pulse rate 160, respiratory rate 28, and a temperature of 101.6 ?Fahrenheit (F)

(rectal). Cindy Black was admitted to the emergency department for treatment.

Notes written by the emergency department physician on initial examination

read, “Croupy female; course breath sounds with wheezing; mild bilateral

tympanic membrane hyperemia. Chest X-ray reveals bilateral infiltrates.”

Medication prescribed included Tylenol (acetaminophen) 325 mg orally for

elevated temperature, Bronkephrine (ethylnorepinephrine hydrochloride) 0.1

millimeter subcutaneous, and monitor results.

Nurse Slighta Hand, RN (fictitious name) administered the medication as

ordered and the child was observed for thirty minutes. Miss Hand’s charting was

brief, almost illegible, and read, “Medicines given as prescribed. Cindy

observed without positive results. Physician notified.”

The physician examined the child; notes read that the child had “minimal

clearing” in response to the bronchodilator. The following medications were

then prescribed: Elixir of turpenhydrate with codeine one milliliter by mouth,

Gantrinsin (sulfisoxazole) 10

Case 3

milliliters, and Quibron (theophylline-glycerol guaiacolate) 10 milliliters.

Nurse Slighta Hand, RN charted the medications were given as prescribed.

Her note at 11:08 p.m. read, “Vomiting; unable to retain medicine. Respiration

increased (54), temperature 101.4?F (rectal); wheezing with increased difficulty

breathing.” No further notes were made regarding Cindy’s condition on the

emergency department record by the nurse, except to state that at 12:04 am,

“child released from emergency department.”

Thirty minutes after discharge from the emergency department, Cindy Black

was brought back to the hospital. This time her vital signs were absent, her

skin was warm without mottling, and the pupils of the eye were dilated but

reacted slowly to light. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was instituted without

success, and Cindy Black was pronounced dead. Departure from professional

standards of nursing care:

In every nursing malpractice case the defendant nurse’s conduct is measured

against that of a reasonably prudent nurse under the same or similar

circumstances. Departure from the professional standards of nursing care for

the first admission to the emergency department included the following

deviations:

? Failure to assess Cindy Black comprehensively upon discharge

? Failure to assess the patient systematically for the duration of the

emergency

department visit

Case 4

? Failure of Miss Slighta Hand, RN to inform the physician that the patient

did not improve after treatment

Legal implications:

Analysis of the legal implications of the various nursing actions which

would affect the outcome of a lawsuit includes monitoring the patient’s

condition and reporting changes therein to the physician, failure to

communicate pertinent observations to the physician, and inadequate charting of

important information. “Monitoring the patient’s condition and reporting

changes therein is one of the nurse’s prime responsibilities. Nurses who fail

to record their observations run the risk of being unable to convince a jury

that such observations actually were made (Bernzweig, 1996, p. 171).” Nurses

must constantly evaluate a wealth of information and results, and as soon as

they become aware of any significant medical data, dangerous circumstances, or a

dramatic worsening of the patient’s condition, “they are required to communicate

this information to the treating physician at once. Their failure to

communicate these observations can have disastrous consequences and will

certainly increase the chances for malpractice litigation (Bernzweig, 1996, p.

177).”

Case 5

Alterations in the nurse’s behavior:

Children with respiratory problems need skilled and competent nursing care.

The symptoms of hypoxemia, a complication of respiratory problems, are often

insidious. Frequently, there is peripheral vasoconstriction with accompanying

skin color changes. Tachypnea, tachycardia, anxiety, and confusion may ensue.

It is the nurse’s responsibility to observe, evaluate, and document the

patient’s condition. In the emergency department, the nurse is the member of

the health-care team who has the greatest contact with the patient. Any

significant change in the patient’s condition, based upon nursing observation,

must be promptly communicated to the physician.

The nurse should have informed the physician promptly of the 11:08 p.m.

observations. These indicated that the child’s condition was not improving but

was, in fact, deteriorating. Before processing the discharge order, the nurse

should have communicated to the physician

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