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on this paintings.
Stylistically, Bosch worked in a manner called alla prima, a method of applying paint freely on a preliminary ground of brownish paint. He was familiar with Dutch manuscript paintings and with foreign prints, and many of his images can be traced to these sources.
Symbols
The paintings of Hieronymus Bosch are full of symbols. The symbols are so different that it is very hard to find one general key to all of them. One symbol can denote lots of different things and objects. The symbols in Bosch’s paintings came from different sources: alchemy, magic tractates, folklore, religious books and others.
The symbols, which came from alchemy, are the most enigmatic in his paintings. It is often symbols of evil, Devil and demons, and also symbols of lust. There are lots of crystal spheres in his paintings and it’s come from alchemy. We can see different stages of substance, water, gas and others.
We can see different fruits and berries that symbolized lust. There are lots of symbols of male and female in his paintings. Always sharp objects like arrows, knifes, horns are the symbols of man. Symbols of woman are circles, shells, jugs, etc.
Bosch took lots of symbols of animals from bible: we can find camels, rabbits, pigs, horses and other “impure” animals, which symbolized sin and evil. Often we can see an owl on his paintings. It is a symbol of wisdom and at the same time of heresy. Also there are lots of skeletons of animals and stale trees on his paintings.
Other symbols that we can often find in his works are steps, which symbolized cognition in alchemy and also sexual intercourse. Also the symbol of cognition is the key. One of the most fearful symbols is the clip leg – the symbol of pain, torture and magic.
The works of Hieronymus Bosch (aspecially the paintings of the second period) are full of different images of Satan. We can see a traditional demons with horns, wings and tale, but also there are bugs, half-human half-animal creatures, anthropomorphic machines and other grotesque figures. Often Bosch painted demons as a music instruments, mostly wind-instruments. Finally one of the most prevalent symbol of his paintings is a mirror – the symbol of temptation.
The first period of Bosch’s work: Seven Deadly Sins
We don’t know exactly when Hieronymus Bosch created “Seven Deadly Sins”. It was somewhere between 1475 – 1480. It’s painted with oil on the piece of wood, and it was a surface of the table. The size of this painting is 120 x 150 sm. According to Mr. Feldman this painting concerned with the style of emotion, like the most paintings of Hieronymus Bosch. It can be also a style of fantasy but this painting is more sarcastic than fantastic. Primarily it belonged to Spanish king Philip the Second. Now it is situated in Madrid, in Prado museum. It is signed by Hieronymus Bosch.
The central, circular composition symbolized the eye, eye of Universe, eye of God. In the apple of the eye there is a figure of Jesus Christ and a sentence under him: Cave,cave d[omi]n[u]s videt (Beware because God look at you). The light rays radiate from the figure of Christ. Some researchers said that it is a symbol of mirror that fends off all human sins. Around him there are 7 miniatures represented 7 sins and each sin is named. There are: Ira (ire, rage, anger), Superbia (vanity), Luscuria (desire), Accidia (laziness), Guia (guzzle), Avaritia (avarice) and Invidia (envy). At the corners of the painting there are four other miniatures represented Death, The Last Judgement, Hell and Heaven. There are two sentences from Bible at the top and bottom of the painting. There are no allegories on this painting, everything is concrete, taken from life. Bosch depicted people of different sections of population, but all of them are sinners. The main idea of this painting that our blood and our money is nothing for God. Every person will be on the last Judgement and if he is sinner he will be send to Hell.
Ira – on this miniature we can see the scrimmage of two drunk peasants. Ira is the result of the alcoholism. A woman try to stop them, but without any result. Bosch depicted the sin with the help of such symbols as kicked off wooden shoes, a chair on the head of one man and others, but most of all with the help of grotesque. The figures of peasants are awful and ugly, they are very fat with crooked legs. The beautiful nature is also served to show their unpleasantness.
Superbia – we can see a woman in her room, staying in front of the mirror (the symbol of temptation), which is kept by the devil. The woman trying on a new hat. The room is painted in the style of Bosch’s time and it is look like many others rooms in the Holland houses. This picture is pointed against the interest off many women in the fashion.
Luscuria – on this part of painting there are man and woman in the tabernacle. We can see musical instruments on the ground – they symbolize passion.
Accidia – the lazy priest is sleeping, instead of prey. A cat on the floor is sleeping too.
Guia – the picture show us the scene of diner. I think it is the most terrible picture because the food is given by nun. All characters are awful and ugly. They look like animals, not people. One man is very fat while the other is thin. They are very dirty.
Avaritia – in this picture we can see how the bribed judge is going to accuse of the innocent man. The book on the wooden box is like a dig under the justice.
Invidia – on this picture Bosch show us quarrel between the neighbors. And their dogs like their masters bark at each other.
Other four pictures show to us what will happened to us. First it is a fragment of death. It is the death of a reach man. The priest
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