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dilemma we look at short-term scope. Decision making in the model usually involves short term or immediate thinking. Whereas in real world situations companies that are involved in artificial price agreements risk losing reputational-capital. The same applies to examples of law enforcement agencies and the mafia. In consideration of long term prospective, members will not confess because if they would end up with a ‘light’ sentence the family may announce their own sentence, while going to prison can be guarantee of a respectful life afterwards.

The PD explains straightforward why business, politics and everyday life situations end up in its worst possible outcome when players are trapped in a simultaneous-move game. Under the assumption of the PD there is even not a loophole out of the dilemma. By repeating the game trust is going to be crucial to reach a better outcome. Nevertheless, there is no best strategy because it depends upon what the other player is likely to do and what he expects the other player is doing. In real life situations PD should not always be resolved, and in fact often best effort should be made not to allow coordination and collaboration. i Axelrod, R. (1984), The Evolution of Cooperation, p. 17ii Barret, S. (2003), Environment and Statecraft – The Strategy of Environmental Treaty-making, Oxford University Press, pp. 53-54iii Brandenburg, Adam M. and Barry J. Nalebuff (1996), Co-opetition, New York, p.4iv Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), example from Dixit, Avinash K. and Barry J. Nalebuff (1991), Thinking Strategically, The Competitive Edge in Business, Politics and Everyday Life, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, p. 90v Andreoni, J. and J.H Miller (1993), ‘Rational Cooperation in the Finitely Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma: Experimental Evidence’, The Economic Journal, (103), 418, 576-577vi Axelrod, R. (1984), p. 33vii Heylighen, F. (1995), The Prisoners' Dilemma, Principia Cybernetica Web, 1995, http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/PRISDIL.html, assessed: 5.11.04 at 18:30 and Heylighen F. (1992): "Evolution, Selfishness and Cooperation", Journal of Ideas, Vol 2, # 4, pp 70-76.



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