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MANAGEMENT: THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR Oksana Ivasnova Table of content Introduction

. Historical development in travel and tourism industry

. Structure of the tourism and travel industry

. The function of government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies in travel and tourism industry

. How local and national economic policy influences the success of the travel and tourism sector in Scotland

. The implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector in different countries

. Factors affecting tourism demand in Scotland

. How supply has changed to meet the effects of demand in Scotland Introduction

the past twenty years, tourism has emerged as one of the leading industries in the world. In fact, travel and tourism is responsible for about 10% of the world economic output. Tourism and travel was often seen as an activity for the wealthy in the past. However, this perception has changed as many people from all walks of life continue contributing to this industry.paper outlines the historical developments that have taken place in the travel and tourism industry. The paper also looks at the structure of travel and tourism industry as well as the functions of government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies in travel and tourism industry. This paper will also discuss how a local and national economic policy influences the success of the travel and tourism sector in Scotland. Other issues that will be discussed throughout the paper includes: the implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector indifferent, factors affecting tourism demand in Scotland, how supply has changed to meet the effects of demand in Scotland.

travel tourism scotland economic 1. Historical development in travel and tourism industry The history of travel and tourism can be categorized into three historical times. These are: Period before 1945, the period from 1945 to 1980 and period of 1980 up to the present day. Prior to 1945, most communities were living in an agricultural world and therefore, did not travel a lot. As the industrial revolution started in the 18th century, only the rich could travel occasionally. The travel and tourism industry was marked with inconsistency as all the industries in this sector operated on their own. Hotels operated on their own, so did the travel as well as the tour operators. The first package tour was introduced by Thomas cook in the year 1841 (Jang & Cai, 2012).for the period between 1945 and 1980, it marked the beginning and growth of the tourism and travel industry. This was marked by the rising of tour operators. Hotels started offering a wide range of services that the tourists and travelers needed. Shopping arcades as well as secretarial centers started been built to ensure the guests spend in one complex. The airline business on the other hand also expanding offering transport service and other services such as insurance and accommodation for the travelers. With a combination of several factors, the travel and tourism industry continued to grow. These factors included increase in free time as well as paid holidays. There were also better tour packages as well as the rapid growth of the travel industry that was experienced (Jang & Cai, 2012).period of 1980 up to today has seen rapid growth of the travel and tourism industry. There have risen companies that can provide the full range of services. These companies can offer accommodation, travel service and even the required medical and insurance services. There improvement of airline industry services has also led to the rapid growth of the airline industry (Jang & Cai, 2012).2. Structure of the tourism and travel industry

tourism and travel industries consist of many dependent components that actively interact with one another to make the whole process complete. These activities range from transport to accommodation and even marketing that enables the whole industry to be complete. Other activities in this sector include the attractions that make people travel and the government regulations that make it possible to move freely to the tourist destinations (Fletcher, 2015). Therefore, it’s very common to see one business in the tourism industry spanning in several sectors where the impacts are felt throughout the sector. The tourism and travel industry therefore consists of the following sectors:

1. The sector that is responsible for moving the tourists from one destination to the other. This is the sector that comprises of the travel agents who organize the travels, the airline and the bus industry and finally the tour operators (Fletcher, 2015).

2. The sector that we call the product. This is usually at the destination. The accommodation industry is one of the key sectors in this sector. Other components of this sector are the facilities as well as the attractions site which forms the last part of the destination (Fletcher, 2015).

. The third sector in the tourism industry is the human part. Humans always provide the labor that drives the tourism industry ranging from assistance to language interpretation where necessary (Fletcher, 2015).

. The last sector in the tourism industry is the various local and international agencies that make the industry possible to operate. This includes the public sector as well as the government agencies. There are also organizations within every region where tourism is dominant that forms part of this sector. Finally, the organizations that offer industrial training for the workforce of this industry also form an important part of this sector (Fletcher, 2015).structure of the travel and tourism industry from the tourist to the geographical or the region aspect is all important components of the industry. The environmental aspect also plays an important role as it puts the economic, political and social cultural

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