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KYRGYZ - RUSSIAN SLAVIC UNIVERSITYFACULTYTHEORY AND PRACTICE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT Theoretical grammarworkas one of syntactic categories of language Made by: Butenko J.A.-12tutor: Shubina O. Y. BISHKEK-2014 Human thinking appears as a result of the world perception and it is closely connected with language - the primary means of its expression. The category of modality is the category of language and presents in itself the judgement concerning the reality or the statement related to its ties and phenomena. In general, modality can be defined as the speaker‘s attitude to the content of his statement and the relation of the content of the statement to the reality.

The speaker’s judgment may be of different kinds, that is, the speaker may express various modal meanings. Modal verbs unlike other verbs, do not denote actions or states, but only show the attitude of the speaker towards the action expressed by the infinitive in combination with which they form compound modal predicates. These modal verbs may show that the action (or state, of process, or quality) is viewed by the speaker as possible, obligatory, doubtful, certain, permissible, advisable, requested, prohibited, ordered etc. Modal verbs occur only with the infinitive.

English modality can be expressed not only by modal verbs. Modality can be expressed by different linguistic means. In actual speech all forms expressing modality work together to make the meaning clear. But in every case there is some leading form that expresses the main attitude. These forms fall into four categories: phonetic (intonation) grammatical (mood) lexico-grammatical (modal verbs) lexical (modal words and phrases). But the most important from them is the third form which includes modal verbs. It is important to take into consideration one more feature peculiar to modal verbs.differentiate two types of modality: objective and subjective. modality is a compulsory feature of any utterance, and one of the categories which build up a predicative unit - sentence. This type of modality expresses the attitude of utterance to the reality. Objective modality connects with the category of time and is differentiated by the feature of time certainty - uncertainty. Subjective modality expresses the attitude of the speaker to the utterance. In contrast to the objective modality subjective one is an elective feature of the utterance. Semantic content of the subjective modality is broader than semantic content of objective modality. Semantic stem of the subjective modality makes up the conception of assessment in the broad meaning including not only logic (intellectual, rational) qualification of the utterance, but and different types of emotional (irrational) reaction. main purpose of this work to analyse modality expressing language means in English texts. The objects:

. To give an idea of Modality as one of the main syntactic categories.

. To pick up Modality expressing language from English texts.

. To classify the means found. course work consists of theoretical and practical parts, conclusion and references. Practical importance of work is represented by possibility of using materials by students during the practical and theoretical grammar. §1. Modality as one of the main syntactical categories of language The category of modality is one of the most complicated linguistic categories which have various forms of its expression in the language. In the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary modality is defined as a functional-semantic category which expresses different types of relations between the utterance and reality as well as different types of subjective evaluation of the information contained in the utterance. In the deepest sense, modality is concerned with the differing and varying levels of being; hence its central place in both ontology and epistemology. In Ch. Bally’s opinion "Modality is the soul of a sentence; like a thought, generally, it builds up in the result of active speaking subject’s operation ". Developing this thought P. A. Lekant confirms: "Modality is an obligatory and inevitable feature of the speech. Speaker cannot arrange and address utterance without its modal classification" [1,10]. has also a lot of various definitions and interpretations. We call categories of modality the concepts of possibility or necessity, impossibility or unnecessity, contingency or incontingency, probability or improbability and their degrees - as well as presence or absence. In practice, these concepts are expressed in sentences by words like 'in some cases', 'sometimes', 'can', 'may', 'might', 'possibly', 'potentially', 'permissibly', 'perhaps', and all their related terms. The differences between these modal expressions are not merely verbal [5,239]. .1 Modality and its types

. Kratzer, F.R. Palmer consider that there are six main types of modality. Six senses in which the various categories of modality may be understood. Within each type, all the categories occur, but with other meanings than in the other types. The categories have similar interrelationships and properties within each type. These uniformities allow us to abstract them, but nevertheless each type needs to be considered separately. The interactions between types must also be analyzed [6]. , or extensional modality, is the primary type of modality. And Aristotle thoroughly dealt with it .We are not consistent in our everyday use of terms like 'sometimes', 'can', 'may', 'might', 'must', and so on [7,7].

Ultimately these are semantic issues, not important to us. Though we must pointing out them. Logic simply establishes conventions for terminology, and focuses on the material issues. more, temporal modality and natural modality interact intimately with quantity. Temporal and natural modality may be called 'intrinsic' modalities, because they concern the properties of concrete individuals;

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