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2 Зміст: Анотація

Вступ

«Шлюбний ринок», шлюбне коло, шлюбний вибір

Шлюбність

Шлюбна поведінка

Чинники шлюбного вибору

Висновок

Бібліографія

Annotation Marriage is the form of relations sanctioned and managed society between a man and woman which determines them right and duties on attitude toward each other and to the children.

Considered the first form of the public adjusting of carnal knowledges, дуально family, or group marriage, characteristic for the early stage of primitive society. Group marriage was a relation between births (but not between persons). Every sexual copulas into family were strict forbidden (екзогамія). That group marriage was expressed in that man and wife of not tendon together and did not belong to one economic domestic collective.

In future group marriage between the members of the different articles narrowed to the persons which belonged to one generation, and then gradually changed парним marriage. At first at, probably, it was lived парному marriage of wife separately, then a man began to pass to the sort of wife (матрилокальний marriage), and later wife - in the sort of man (патрилокальний marriage), property was separate, vestiges of group marriage were saved.

Passing to agriculture and cattle breeding promoted the economic role of man, парний marriage is strengthened as a result, gives beginning monogamy marriage, to strengthening integrity of family. During historical development becomes the basic form of marriage exactly моногамия1; it is combined in the row of people with полігамією, however abbreviated distribution of the last is.

The conclusion of marriages and choice of marriage partner takes a place under determining influence of social and economic factors.

In the рабовласницьких states marriage was acknowledged only for free citizens; the marriage copulas of free were sharply reprobated with slave girls.

Gomogamnye1 marriages dominated in feudal societies, especially among rulings classes or states. Marriages between serfs usually consisted on will of squire. Strengthening social and brings the especially economic function of family to complication of order celebration of over marriage which an agreement is preceded about his financial terms (redemption, dowry). Responsibility and initiative at celebration of marriage, and also choice of marriage partner become the functions of section of family.

The evolution of marriage and family causes the row of the phenomena, such, as growth of frequency of broad patterns, decline of birth-rate below than level, necessary for the simple recreation of population, and others like that

Celebration of marriage - one of basic parameters of шлюбності2, and stopping marriage - разводимости3 and овдовения3. In demography each such fact is examined as a demographic event and as a change of the marriage state, and sequence of such facts in a generation - as a demographic process.

The marriage state is position of person in relation to the institute of marriage, determined in accordance with consuetudes and legal norms of country. Distinguish those which do not consist at marriage and consist at marriage. In the conditions of monogamy marriage that does not consist at marriage divided by what never consisted at marriage, widowed and divorced. The categories of the marriage state are transferred considered basic and selected in most developments of statistical information. At to marriage, divorce, овдовении takes a place transition of person from one category of the marriage state in other, aggregate of such transitions there is a process of recreation of marriage structure of population which in demography is examined as component part of recreation of population.

The account of distributing of population on the categories of the marriage state is needed at the study of шлюбності, stopping of marriage, forming and development of family, and also processes of birth-rate and death rate. The marriage state of person is determined at a census or survey of population usually on principle of self-determination (that from words polled) and not always coincides with that which is writtenin in documents, and it results in incomplete comparableness of information from different sources.

Вступ Шлюб - це санкціонована і регульована суспільством форма відносин між чоловіком і жінкою, що визначає їх права і обов'язки по відношенню один до одного і до дітей.

Першою формою суспільного регулювання статевих відносин вважається, дуально-родовий, або груповий шлюб, характерний для ранньої стадії первісного суспільства. Груповий шлюб був відношенням між пологами (а не між особами). Всякі статеві зв'язки усередині роду були строгий заборонені (екзогамія). Тобто груповий шлюб виражався в тому, що чоловік і дружина не жили разом і не належали до одного господарчо-побутового колективу.

Надалі груповий шлюб між членами різних статей звузився до осіб, що належали одному поколінню, і потім

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