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Министерство Образования и Науки Республики Казахстан

Республиканское государственное казенное предприятие

Восточно-Казахстанский государственный университет

им. С. Аманжолова

Филологический Факультет Кафедра английского языка Дипломная работа

на тему: semantic and stylistic aspect of euphemisms in modern english Научный руководитель:

Старший преподавательГ. Г. Сейлкумарова

«___» ________ 200_г. Зав.кафедрой английского языка,

к.ф.н, доцентС.С.Нуркенова

«___» ________ 200_г. Выполнил(-а) студент(-ка)

Группы 4В №404 Л. Х. Акатаева

«___» ________ 200_г. Нормоконтролер Т. А. Васильева

«___» ________ 200_г. Усть-Каменогорск, 2009

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION3

1 LINGUISTIC ASPECT OF EUPHEMISMS IN MODERN ENGLISH7

1.1 Conceptual world view behind euphemisms7

1.2 Definition and function of euphemisms8

1.3 The evolution of euphemisms11

1.4 The etymology of euphemisms13

1.5 Taboos and euphemisms15

2 SEMANTIC WORD BEHIND EUPHEMISMS17

2.1 Classification of euphemisms on the semantic principle17

3 EUPHEMISMS AS EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICE INMODERN ENGLISH34

3.1 Feelings and emotions caused by the process of euphemistic mapping34

3.2 Interaction of emotions and ethnic culture in euphemisms36

3.3 Cognitive structure of source and target domains in the process of new euphemistic nominations38

3.4 Differences of euphemistic projection in image schemes and newly

nominated euphemisms40

3.5 Psychological aspect of studying euphemisms and dysphemisms42

CONCLUSION45

BYBLIOGRAPHY48

APPENDIX A – Glossary of euphemisms52

APPENDIX B - General classification of euphemisms and dysphemisms frompsychological point of view58

APPENDIX C- Classification of euphemisms according to the thematical

subdivision60

6INTRODUCTIONEuphemisms for the majority of people is the device to create humorous situation. most can get along without them in everyday life, but they are found everywhere not only in emotive prose but also in the publicistic style, in highly emotional speech, in extreme cases to lessen the impact of the situation on the people making it sound milder. Our conceptual system plays a central role in defining our everyday realities. The perception may be global or local. Global world view is presented by philosophical, scientific, religious world views. Local world view is presented through sociological, informational, physical, artistic world views. Conceptual world view is very rich, it covers a lot of things. It contains different communicative types of thinking, verbal and nonverbal. As the language is the spirit of the people speaking it, we may state that the inner forms of the language and the conceptual world view behind the language is realized through languages. Any language forms the world view behind the language and at the same time it reflects world other views. The most important sphere of a man’s world and his personality is the sphere of emotions. It is the sphere of psychology and emotive evaluations. Our emotional world is one of the local world views behind the language. The act of cognition is emotionally coloured. Emotions cover all our spheres of life. The objective world is endless, but a man is limited in the process of cognition. Any world view contains personal subjective cognition. Thus we speak of personal, subjective interpretation of the objective world. A man reacts to the outer and inner pressure by different states of activities: perception, expressing wishes, points of view, speaking, and physical activities.

Any euphemisms may be defined as a substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of the one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener. It makes expression less troublesome for the speaker. Anthropocentric nature of euphemisms is well-known. Our universal emotions are characterized by national peculiarities. The following linguists as Kacev A. M., Keith Allan, Kate Burridge, Obvinceva O. V., Neuman and Sibker investigated euphemisms as linguistic and unique phenomena of the language in comparative linguistics, stylistics, euphemisms in publicistic style , pragmatic aspect of euphemisms and their stylistic aspect.

Our investigation is based on the interaction of psychology, linguistics and stylistics. We analyzed not only euphemistic mapping in our conceptual system, but also their impact on the listener.

The object of our investigation is euphemisms as semantic and stylistic phenomenon in the English language.

The subject of study is emotive prose in the English language (British and American literature).

The aims of the paper are the following:

to systematize euphemisms on the semantic principle;to describe the interaction of emotions and ethnic culture in euphemisms;to investigate, cognate structure of source and target domain in newly-nominated euphemisms;to investigate psychological aspect of euphemistic mapping.

To achieve these aims we set the following tasks:

to observe scientific literature on the interaction of psychology, linguistics and stylistics;to define theoretical grounds of euphemistic mapping;to describe our conceptual system through euphemisms;to examine the procedure of the formation of euphemisms.

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